Development of Advanced Methods of Trace Analysis Using Hybrid Systems.

化学信息在材料科学、生命科学和环境科学中占有非常重要的地位，为了获得准确的信息，需要付出更多的努力。原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、离子色谱法等先进的光谱和色谱法是目前测定微量元素最常用的方法。然而，灵敏度和选择性的限制仍然阻碍了它们直接用于超痕量分析。在本研究中，我们将几种混合系统引入仪器方法以提高其性能。(1)以W/O/W乳剂为液体表面活性剂膜，用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定溶剂萃取/反萃取后的精馏水中Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu和Cd的超痕量含量。(2)基于氯金酸与luminal反胶束反应的Au化学发光分析。(3)电渗析预处理系统，用于强酸性样品中Ca和Mg的离子色谱，以及强碱性样品中卤化物离子的离子色谱。(4)基于硅酸和LiAlH_4固相还原生成硅烷，臭氧气相反应生成硅烷的臭氧气相化学发光分析。

Chemical information takes a very important role in material, life and environmental sciences and more efforts should be made to get accurate information. Nowadays advanced spectrometric and chromatographic methods such as atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and ion chromatography are most popular for the determination of trace elements. However, sensitivity and selectivity limitations still prevent their direct use for ultra-trace analysis. In this study, we introduced several hybrid system to the instrumental methods to improve their performances.Various approaches are described as follows : (1) Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric determination of ultra-trace levels of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Cd in refined water after solvent extraction/back extraction using W/O/W emulsions as liquid surfactant membranes. (2) Chemiluminescence analysis of Au based on the reaction of chloroauric acid with luminal in reverse micelles. (3) Electrodialysis pretreatment systems for ion chromatography of Ca and Mg in strongly acidic samples and of halide ions in strongly basic samples. (4) Ozone gas-phase chemiluminescence analysis of Si based on the generation of silane by the solid-phase reduction of silicic acid and LiAlH_4 followed by the gas-phase reaction of ozone and the evolution silane.