Study on the Methods Based upon Separation Chemistry for Intensive Improvements in Trace Analysis

由于材料表征和环境材料中微量元素形态的科学意义，13位分析化学家共同研究了分离-形态化学和相关高灵敏度分析技术的密集发展。为了实现这一目标，我们提出了五个主题。钯化合物和/或白蛋白增强的GF-AAS用于IIIB-IVB金属，以及催化反应的高灵敏度滴定法已经发展起来。从痕量表征的角度研究了金属专用树脂、螯合树脂、新型螯合剂的合成及其评价。建立了新的阴离子萃取体系，以及基于HSAB规则或萃取行为的萃取分离方案设计的新途径。还完成了相邻稀土的动态离子交换分离、铜作为DTC配合物在各种膜过滤器上的富集、草酸钙亚化学计量沉淀法对稀土金属的选择性富集及其在中子活化分析中的应用、阴离子交换树脂大分子离子浮选法对阴离子的预富集。在线富集和分离方法用于原子或分子光谱法测定痕量元素的高灵敏度和选择性。

Intensive developments of separation-speciation chemistry and related highly sensitive analytical techniques have been jointly investigated by thirteen analytical chemists, because of scientific significance of characterization of materials and speciation of trace elements in environmental materials. In order to achieve the goal five themes have been attacked.1. Palladium compounds and/or albumin-enhanced GF-AAS for IIIB-IVB metals, and highly sensitive titrimetry with catalytic reaction have been developed.2. Syntheses of metal specific resins, chelating resins, new chelating agents and their evaluation from view points of trace characterization have worked out.3. Novel extraction system for anionic species, and new approaches on the design of extractive separation scheme based on HSAB rule or extraction behavior are established.4. Dynamic ion-exchange separation of adjacent rare earths, enrichment of copper as the DTC complex on various membrane filters, selective preconcentration of rare earth metals by substoichiometric precipitaion of calcium oxalate and its application to neutron activation analysis, and preconcentration of anionic species by macromolecular ion flotation of anionexchange resin are also accomplished.5. On-line preconcentration and separation methods are developed for highly sensitive and selective determination of trace elements by atomic or molecular spectrometry.