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Analyses of ionic compositions of acid rain in the San-in districts and studies on effects of simulated acid rain on growth and physiology of trees.

山阴地区酸雨离子组成分析及模拟酸雨对树木生长和生理的影响研究。

基本信息

批准号：
02454071
负责人：
YAMAMOTO Fukuju
金额：
$ 2.56万
依托单位：
Tottori Univ.
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The amount of precipitation, pH values of rain water, and ionic compositions were continuously monitored from April, 1990 to December, 1991 in the Hiruzen forest of the Tottori University Forests in the San-in districts. The pHs tended to be lower corresponding with the rise Of SO_4 ion. The amount of nss (not from sea salts) -SO_4^<2-> was comparatively high in early winter and in April.Effects of simulated acid rain solutions (SO_4^<2-> : NO_3^- = 1 : 1) on growth, dry weight increment, and ethylene production in seedlings of woody species were investigated. Application of the pH 1.6 solution to the shoot system of plants for 2 months significantly decreased biomass of Larix leptolepis, Ulmus davidian, and Pinus densiflora seedlings. Treatments with other solutions including pH 2.6, 3.6, and 4.6 had no significant effects on dry weight increment of all of these species.Application of the pH 1.6_solution to the soil surface for 3 months significantly decreased the biomics of potted Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtuse seedlings. Dry weight reduction was more drastic in seedlings planted in sand or decomposed granite than in andisol.Effects of sulfuric acid solutions on growth, dry weight increment, and production of plant growth regulators in seedlings of woody species were also investigated. Application of the 5mM/I solution (PH 2.10) to the shoot system of plants with a hand spray for 2 months significantly decreased growth and biomass of C. japonica, C. obtusa, P. densiflora, Betura Platyphylla, and Ulmus americana seedlings. The 5mM/1 solution also enhanced ethylene production in these species. The IAA content in needles or leaves was significantly reduced in ptomeria, Chamaecyparis, Pinus, and Betura by the application with 5, 0.5, and 0.05 mM/l solutions. The ABA content was not affected by acid application.

从1990年4月到1991年12月，对山阴地区鸟取大学森林的蒜山森林的降水量、雨水pH值和离子成分进行了连续监测。随着SO_4离子的增加，pH值趋于降低。初冬和4月份nss（非海盐）-SO_4^<2->含量较高。研究了模拟酸雨溶液（SO_4^<2->：NO_3^-=1：1）对木本树种幼苗生长、干重增量和乙烯产生的影响。将pH 1.6溶液施用于植物地上部系统2个月，显着降低了落叶松、榆树和赤松幼苗的生物量。其他溶液（包括pH 2.6、3.6和4.6）处理对所有这些物种的干重增量均无显着影响。在土壤表面施用pH 1.6溶液3个月显着降低了盆栽柳杉和扁柏幼苗的生物组学。种植在沙子或风化花岗岩中的幼苗的干重减少比种植在安迪土中的幼苗更剧烈。还研究了硫酸溶液对木本树种幼苗的生长、干重增加和植物生长调节剂生产的影响。通过手动喷雾将 5 mM/I 溶液（PH 2.10）施用于植物的芽系统 2 个月，显着降低了 C. japonica、C. obtusa、P. densiflora、Betura Platyphylla 和 Ulmus americana 幼苗的生长和生物量。 5mM/1 溶液还提高了这些物种的乙烯产量。通过施用 5、0.5 和 0.05 mM/l 溶液，ptomeria、Chamaecyparis、Pinus 和 Betura 的针叶或叶子中的 IAA 含量显着降低。 ABA含量不受施酸影响。