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Synthetic evaluation of efficiency in hydrological cycle in large watershed

大流域水文循环效率综合评价

基本信息

批准号：
02454084
负责人：
SUZUKI Mitsukata
金额：
$ 3.97万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY of TSUKUBA
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The investigation was conducted aim at the evaluation of Efficiency for water use in large watershed(Chikuma-Shinano river basin). The results are summarized as follow. (1) For the evaluation of discharge fluctuation of flowing water, the pattern index by which characteristics of river basin being explained was induced. (2) The concept of "Water Cycle Efficiency" should involve the socio-economic view-point of "What and how much does a water cycle bring to the society ?" as well as the physical one. The general factors which decide the efficiency are fluctuation in flow rate, water quality and intensity of water recycling, though it include intangible effects on a society.(3) We investigated the reality of sediment transport and low water temperature which are minus factors of water use in paddy fields. As a result of the analysis, it is clarified that the distribution of unstable sediment in river bed is the most important factor for sediment transport, and that the solar radiation directly or indirectly plays an important role for the formation of water temperature. (4) As a result of analyzing hydrology data observed over the 3 years, the author obtained that the runoff ratio is 38%, the recession constant 0.043 (d^<-1>) and the peak runoff coefficient 0.1-0.2. The results indicate that the infiltration is high and the water holding capacity poor. From this fact, if considering from the standpoint of rain storage, can be interpreted that the hydrology efficiency for the given study area is low. (5) The efficiency of return flow using ratio were measured in the area of sloping paddy fields. These paddy fields used for the production of paddy rice and upland crops in 1990, the percentage of paddy ricle was 100% but it decreased to 66% in 1992, and the efficiency of return flow also decreased from 290% to 80%. The temperature of irrigation water rose up much higher in 1990 than in 1992.

本次调查的目的是评价大流域（千曲信浓河流域）的用水效率。结果总结如下。 (1)针对流水流量波动的评价，导出了解释流域特征的格局指数。（2）“水循环效率”的概念应涉及“水循环给社会带来什么、给社会带来多少？”的社会经济观点。以及身体上的。决定效率的一般因素是流量、水质和水循环强度的波动，尽管它包括对社会的无形影响。(3)调查了稻田水利用的负因素泥沙输送和低水温的实际情况。分析结果表明，河床不稳定泥沙分布是泥沙输运的最重要因素，太阳辐射直接或间接对水温的形成起着重要作用。 (4)通过对3年观测水文资料的分析，得出径流率为38%，衰退常数为0.043(d^<-1>)，峰值径流系数为0.1～0.2。结果表明，入渗率较高，持水能力较差。由此看来，如果从蓄雨的角度考虑，可以解释为给定研究区域的水文效率较低。 (5)在坡地水田地区测定了返水利用率。这些水田1990年用于生产水稻和旱地作物，稻米比例为100%，1992年下降到66%，回流效率也从290%下降到80%。 1990年灌溉水温比1992年升高很多。