Internal Soil Erosion and Soil Properties

内部土壤侵蚀和土壤性质

基本信息

批准号：
02454087
负责人：
HOSOYAMADA Kenzou
金额：
$ 2.69万
依托单位：
MIYAZAKI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02454087/
关键词：
Soil Erosion Intensity of Rainfall Topography Surface Water Flow Physical Properties of Soil 土膜土の受食性

项目摘要

Several kinds of experiment on soil erosion carried out using the soil erosion test fields. For Masa soil having high gravel content, it was confirmed that only a fine surface soil in about 1cm layer flew down as falling energy of rain and surface runoff leaving behind coarse gravels on top of the surface, therefore resulting little soil loss. From the result of the laboratory experiment, it was recognized that at about 1cm below surface layer of Masa soil, fine soil particles layer was accumulated known as the soil crust.For the soil erosion tests on ridging using Kuroboku soil, it was resulted that the ratio for the amount of soil erosion loss were 1.4 in longitudinal ridging, 0.06 in horizontal ridging, 1.6 (indeterminable value) in diagonal ridging.From the erosion tests of Shirasu soil, it cleared that the erodibility of Shirasu is high and erosion through ditches occurred easily, and the netting (4mm-2mm mesh) on soil surface brings the reduction of soil loss of 1/2 - 1/10. Scattering gravels on soil surface reduces the soil loss of 1/30.The mechanism of soil erosion for Masa soil originating in soil compaction and surface flow was investigated and following results were obtained.The increasing of the tractive force is accompanied with the progressing of surface flow and brings soil erosion more. But, on the contrary, when the erosion ditches(micro rill) are formed and water flow converges and the tractive force acts only on erosion ditches, soil erosion loss decreases. When surface flow is relatively high, then erosion on the ditches occurs in every dry density, but when surface flow is low, 1)in case of low dry density, there are no formation of erosion ditches being able to recognize, and 2)in case of high dry density it was found that the tractive force was evenly high and many micro rills formed looks like net.

使用土壤侵蚀测试场进行了一些对土壤侵蚀的实验。对于具有较高砾石含量的MASA土壤，可以证实，只有大约1厘米层的细面土壤飞向雨水和地表径流的降落，而在地面顶部留下了粗砾石，因此几乎没有土壤损失。从实验室实验的结果来看，人们认识到，在Masa土壤的表面层下方约1厘米处，细土颗粒层被称为土壤外壳。对于使用Kuroboku土壤进行的土壤侵蚀测试，因此，在远程骑行中，土壤侵蚀损失的比率为1.4，在远程骑行中为1.4，在水平上为6.6，在水平上，1.6 coundet ride inter ridging（1.6 inter ride），在水平上均为6.6从Shirasu土壤的侵蚀测试中，它清除了Shirasu的可生气性很高，并且很容易通过沟渠进行侵蚀，并且在土壤表面上的净（4mm -2mm网眼）使土壤损失的减少1/2-1/10。在土壤表面散射砾石会减少1/30的土壤损失。研究了源自土壤压实和表面流量的MASA土壤的土壤侵蚀机制，并获得了以下结果。拖动力的增加伴随着表面流动的进展，并带来了更多的土壤侵蚀。但是，相反，当形成侵蚀沟渠（微裂缝）并排化水流并且牵引力仅作用于侵蚀沟渠时，土壤侵蚀损失减少。当表面流相对较高时，则在每个干密度中都会发生沟渠的侵蚀，但是当表面流量低时，1）在低干密度的情况下，没有侵蚀沟渠的形成能够识别，而2）在高干密度的情况下，发现拖动力均匀地均匀，并且许多微rill形成了许多微rill，则看起来像净。