Ethnobotanical Studies on Origin and Dispersal of Domesticated Plants and Weeds of Genus Panicum, Gramineae

(1)禾本科Panicum， Gramineae， P. miliaceum L.， P. smarrense Roth的驯化和杂草种。；；；；ruderale (Kitag)。本文采用Tzvelev和P. bisulcatum Thunberg作为研究对象，阐明了粟粒在欧亚大陆的起源和分布。(2)经中亚平原从印度采集的菌株在形态和生态比较上表现出祖先和原始的特征。提出了通过西伯利亚和喜马拉雅山南麓两条可能的传入路线。(3)进行了中国、日本、中亚、印度、法国6个试验菌株与黄颡鱼的交叉试验。在欧亚大陆收集的藜麦（ruderale）和70个藜麦品种。结果支持了上述传播途径的建议。(4)蜡质胚乳菌株仅分布于东亚地区。蜡质菌株和非蜡质菌株的脂肪酸组成有明显差异。东亚和中亚地区大多数菌株的幼膜对苯酚溶液呈阴性反应（未染色）。种子中酯酶同工酶的酶谱变异在欧亚大陆存在广泛差异，但在经尼泊尔从东亚采集的菌株中是相似的。(5)通过半沸法的作用，提高了稻谷和谷子的脱壳效率。水稻和粟胚胚乳中一些游离氨基酸的含量也明显增加。(6)利用制备中的五味子属数据库进行统计分析。

(1) Domesticated and weedy species of Panicum, Gramineae, P. miliaceum L., P. smatrense Roth., P. miliaceum ssp. ruderale (Kitag.) Tzvelev and P. bisulcatum Thunberg were used in the present study in order to illuminate the origin and dispersal of proso millet in Eurasia.(2) Strains collected from India through the Central Asian Plain show ancestral and primitive characteristics based on morphological and ecological comparison. The two possible introduction routes via Siberia and the south foot of the Himalayas were suggested concerning the dispersal of proso millet into Japan.(3) Cross experiments have been conducted between 6 tester strains (China, Japan, Central Asia, India, France and P. miliaceum ssp. ruderale) and 70 strains of proso millet collected throughout Eurasia. The results support the suggestion of dispersal routes as mentioned above.(4) Strains with a waxy endosperm were distributed only throughout East Asia. The component of fatty acids was clearly different between waxy and non-waxy strains. The young gluma of most strains in East and Central Asia gave a negative reaction (non-stained) to phenol solution. The zymogram variation of esterase isozyme in the seed was widely diverse through Eurasia, but it was similar among the strains collected from East Asia through Nepal.(5) Through the effects of the parboil method, the dehusk efficiency in rice and foxtail millet was raised. Also the content of some free amino acids in the endosperm of rice and proso millet clearly increased.(6) The database of genus Panicum in preparation will be used for statistical analyses.