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Ethnobotanical Studies on Origin and Dispersal of Domesticated Plants and Weeds of Genus Panicum, Gramineae

禾本科驯化植物和杂草的民族植物学研究

基本信息

批准号：
02455010
负责人：
KIMATA Mikio
金额：
$ 2.94万
依托单位：
TOKYO GAKUGEI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02455010/
关键词：
Proso millet Origin of domesticated plant Dispersal of domesticated plant Parboil method Intraspecific differentiation Waxy & non-waxy Esterase isozyme Fatty acids パ-ボイル加工栽培植物の起源裁培植物の伝播モチ・ウルチ性

项目摘要

(1) Domesticated and weedy species of Panicum, Gramineae, P. miliaceum L., P. smatrense Roth., P. miliaceum ssp. ruderale (Kitag.) Tzvelev and P. bisulcatum Thunberg were used in the present study in order to illuminate the origin and dispersal of proso millet in Eurasia.(2) Strains collected from India through the Central Asian Plain show ancestral and primitive characteristics based on morphological and ecological comparison. The two possible introduction routes via Siberia and the south foot of the Himalayas were suggested concerning the dispersal of proso millet into Japan.(3) Cross experiments have been conducted between 6 tester strains (China, Japan, Central Asia, India, France and P. miliaceum ssp. ruderale) and 70 strains of proso millet collected throughout Eurasia. The results support the suggestion of dispersal routes as mentioned above.(4) Strains with a waxy endosperm were distributed only throughout East Asia. The component of fatty acids was clearly different between waxy and non-waxy strains. The young gluma of most strains in East and Central Asia gave a negative reaction (non-stained) to phenol solution. The zymogram variation of esterase isozyme in the seed was widely diverse through Eurasia, but it was similar among the strains collected from East Asia through Nepal.(5) Through the effects of the parboil method, the dehusk efficiency in rice and foxtail millet was raised. Also the content of some free amino acids in the endosperm of rice and proso millet clearly increased.(6) The database of genus Panicum in preparation will be used for statistical analyses.

(1)黍属、禾本科、粟属、禾本科、禾本科、紫背蕨，粟状假单胞菌ruderale（Kitag.）Tzvelev和P. bisulcatum Thunberg在本研究中，以说明在欧亚大陆的起源和传播的粟。(2)通过中亚平原从印度收集的菌株显示出基于形态和生态比较的祖先和原始特征。提出了通过西伯利亚和喜马拉雅南麓两条可能的引种路线。(3)在中国、日本、中亚、印度、法国等6个试验菌株与粟粒拟青霉（P.miliaceum ssp.）ruderale）和在整个欧亚大陆收集的70株粟。结果支持了上述扩散途径的建议。(4)具有蜡质胚乳的菌株仅分布于整个东亚。蜡质菌株与非蜡质菌株的脂肪酸组成存在明显差异。东亚和中亚的大多数菌株的幼颖片对苯酚溶液呈阴性反应（未染色）。酯酶同工酶谱在欧亚大陆具有很大的差异，但在东亚至尼泊尔的菌株之间具有相似性。(5)通过半煮法的作用，提高了稻谷和谷子的脱壳率。水稻和糜子胚乳中某些游离氨基酸含量也明显增加。(6)准备中的黍属数据库将用于统计分析。