Folklore as the Basis of the Greek and Latin Literature

在研究中，我们证明了希腊和拉丁文学在很大程度上归功于民间传说，诗人通过他们的创作才能为复杂的文学提供了原材料。中冢提出了一个假设，即欧里庇得斯的“独眼巨人”的戏剧结构的基础不是《奥德赛》第九卷中的著名情节，而是流传广泛的民间故事波吕斐摩斯。如果我们接受这个假设，我们就可以解决这个剧的很多问题。奥卡指出，索福克勒斯的《俄狄浦斯王》的结构很大程度上受到俄狄浦斯传说的影响，尤其是弃儿和弑父神谕的主题。俄狄浦斯的传说在古代有许多变体，它们都有一个明确的共同结构。这种结构被证明是索福克勒斯创作的基础。从这个角度，我们或许可以厘清俄狄浦斯究竟是一个不屈的真理追求者，还是一个逃避真理的普通人。中冢甲描述了古希腊民间故事的实际情况，考察了民间故事的称谓、承载者、套路和社会功能。然而，我们对希腊罗马世界口头和文字传播之间的关系没有给予足够的考虑。这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。

In this research, we have proved that the Greek and Latin literature owed much to the folklore and that the poets raised raw materials to the sophisticated literature through their creative talent. Nakatsukasa suggested a hypothesis that the basis og the dramatic construction of Euripides' "Cyclops" was not the famous episode in the 9th book of the "Odyssey" but the widespread folktale of Polyphemus. If we accept this hypothesis, we can solve many problms in this play.Oka pointed out that the structure of Sophocles' "Oedipus the King" was much influenced by the Oedipus legend, especially the motifs of a foundling and the oracle of patricide. The Oedipus legend had many variants in the ancient world, and there was a definite structure common to all of them. That structure was proved to be the basis of the creative work of Sophocles. We may be able to clarify whether Oedipus is an unyielding pursuer of truth or an ordinary man escaping from truth from this point of view.Nakatsukasa described the actual circumstances about folktales in ancient Greece, investigatig the appellation, the bearer, the formulas and the social function of the folktales. However, we have not given enough consideration to the relation between oral and literal transmission in the Greek and Roman world. It remains an open problem.