A Study on Effective Guidance for Children's Invention in Invention Clubs, Schools, and Homes.

本研究的主要目的是找出在日本“发明俱乐部”指导儿童发明的有效方法。对发明俱乐部的指导员进行了问卷调查，询问了70项指导的实践性和有效性。因子分析发现，预想有效性因子和实践有效性因子分别为6个和6个。对俱乐部中的儿童是否获得国家发明大赛奖的因素得分进行了比较。获奖俱乐部的实效性因子与实践性因子之间存在较强的相关性。此外，获奖俱乐部的指导员似乎没有提供间接的指导，使儿童养成了观察的习惯，而是倾向于在儿童的发明活动中进行由一系列指导组成的直接指导。然而，在非颁奖俱乐部中也有许多重要的指导方法被评估，因此教育有效性应该在未来的其他标准中被考虑。

The main purpose of this research was to identifi the effective methods for guiding children's invention in Japanese "invention clubs." The survey for instructors at invention clubs were carried out, and the degree of practice and effectivity on 70 items of guidance was asked. Six factors of preceived effectivity, and six of practice were found by factor analysis, respectively. The factor scores were compared between whether or not the children in the clubs received the Award of National Invention Concours. There was a strong correlation between the factors of effectivity and those of practice for the award winning clubs. Moreover, the instructors in award winning clubs seemed not to provide indirect guidance which made children to form habit of observation, but preferred to do direct guidance which consisted of a seriesof guidances during children's invention activity. However, there are also many important guidance methods that are evaluated in non-award clubs, so educational effectivity should be considered in terms of other criteria in future.