Planetary and Earth Scientific Study of Shock Metamorphism

总结了1991年至1992年研究的新成果：1)从冲击变质矿物的结构、成分和质地变化中获得了新的地球和行星物质的冲击高密度数据。2)冲击变质石英（即冲击石英）材料几乎是六个硅相的整体混合物。其中撞击形成的特征性高密度冲击石英，其细粒撞击喷出物密度最大。3)从弱x射线峰的最大x射线峰强度可以得到高密度的冲击石英。晶体部分在晶格图像显微图上显示出明显的平均原子距离缩小和明显的堆叠错误，而硅玻璃部分则显示出弥漫性晶格图像，其中含有更多的外来元素。(4)冲击变质斜长石在细粒喷射物中蒸发过程后矿物发生变化，或成分变化为非化学计量成分，钙长石（An）含量显著降低。5)冲击变质石墨聚集体可由石灰岩靶岩撞击或有机弹丸人工撞击形成。6)冲击变质作用的变质程度或变质演化可以通过冲击石英的密度偏差来讨论。陆相、大陆和K/T边界冲击样品在沉积过程中表现出不同的最大密度，其中所有的人工冲击数据都作为标准值。7)人工撞击过程可形成核幔双层结构，铁弹大撞击可形成星子。冲击变形材料是由气体-熔体-高压固体在动开系统下瞬间形成的各种淬火混合物。9)月球和小行星上的激波物质聚集体含有大量新的宇宙激波物质和宇宙资源——太阳风成分的元素。

New results in this study from 1991(FY) to 1992 (FY) are summarized as follows:1) New shocked high-density data of Earch and planetary materials are obtained from structural, compositional and textural changes of shock metamorphosed minerals.2) Shock metamorphosed quartz (i.e. shocked quartz) materials are almost mixture of six silica phases as a whole. Among them characteristic high-density shocked quartz formed by impact shows maximum density of fine-grained ejecta of impact.3) High-density shocked quartz can be obtained from maximum X-ray peak-intensity of weak X-ray peaks. Crystalline parts show remarkable shrinkage of mean atomic distances and clear stacking-fault at the lattice image micrographs, whereas silica glassy parts showing diffuse lattice images contain much more foreign elements.4) Shock metamorphosed plagioclases shows shocked quartz by minerla change after evaporation process at fine-grained ejecta, or compositional change to non-stoichiometric composition and remarkable decreases of anorthite(An)-content.5) Shock metamorphosed graphite aggregates with high-density can be formed by impact from limestone target-rock or by artificial impact with organic projectiles.6) Metamorphic degree of shock metamorphism or metamorphic evolution can be discussed by the density-deviation of shocked quartz. Terrestrial continental and K/T boundary impact-samples show various maximum-density by sedimentary process where all shocked data of artificial impacts are used as standard values.7) Two-layer structure with core-mantle can be formed by artificial impact process, and provides formation of planetesimal by large impact with iron-projectile.8) Shock metamorphosed materials are various quenched mixtures which are formed instantly at dynamic and open system from gas - melt - high pressure solid.9) Shocked material aggregates on the Moon and asteroids contain largely new cosmic shocked-materials and cosmic resource-elements of the solar-wind components.