Planetary and Earth Scientific Study of Shock Metamorphism

冲击变质作用的行星和地球科学研究

• 批准号: 03452071
• 负责人: MIURA Yasunori
• 金额: $ 0.58万
• 依托单位: Yamaguchi University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1991 至 1992
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03452071/
• 关键词: Shock metamorphism; Shock metamorphosed mineral aggregates; Shocked high-density quartz; Shock metamorphosed graphites; Shocked metamorphosed plagioclases; Quenched materials from gas-melt states; Lunar impact aggregates; Impact layered structure /

New results in this study from 1991(FY) to 1992 (FY) are summarized as follows:1) New shocked high-density data of Earch and planetary materials are obtained from structural, compositional and textural changes of shock metamorphosed minerals.2) Shock metamorphosed quartz (i.e. shocked quartz) materials are almost mixture of six silica phases as a whole. Among them characteristic high-density shocked quartz formed by impact shows maximum density of fine-grained ejecta of impact.3) High-density shocked quartz can be obtained from maximum X-ray peak-intensity of weak X-ray peaks. Crystalline parts show remarkable shrinkage of mean atomic distances and clear stacking-fault at the lattice image micrographs, whereas silica glassy parts showing diffuse lattice images contain much more foreign elements.4) Shock metamorphosed plagioclases shows shocked quartz by minerla change after evaporation process at fine-grained ejecta, or compositional change to non-stoichiometric composition and remarkable decreases of anorthite(An)-content.5) Shock metamorphosed graphite aggregates with high-density can be formed by impact from limestone target-rock or by artificial impact with organic projectiles.6) Metamorphic degree of shock metamorphism or metamorphic evolution can be discussed by the density-deviation of shocked quartz. Terrestrial continental and K/T boundary impact-samples show various maximum-density by sedimentary process where all shocked data of artificial impacts are used as standard values.7) Two-layer structure with core-mantle can be formed by artificial impact process, and provides formation of planetesimal by large impact with iron-projectile.8) Shock metamorphosed materials are various quenched mixtures which are formed instantly at dynamic and open system from gas - melt - high pressure solid.9) Shocked material aggregates on the Moon and asteroids contain largely new cosmic shocked-materials and cosmic resource-elements of the solar-wind components.

1991年（FY）至1992年（FY）的研究取得了如下新成果：1）从冲击变质矿物的结构、成分和结构变化中获得了Earch和行星物质的新的冲击高密度数据。2）冲击变质石英（即冲击石英）物质几乎是六个硅相的混合物。其中特征性的高密度冲击石英显示了冲击细粒喷出物的最大密度。3）高密度冲击石英可以从最大X射线峰强度的弱X射线峰获得。结晶部分在晶格图像显微照片中显示出平均原子距离的显着收缩和明显的层错，而二氧化硅玻璃质部分显示出弥散的晶格图像，含有更多的外来元素。4）冲击变质的斜长石显示出蒸发后矿物变化的冲击石英细粒喷出物，5）冲击变质石墨聚集体具有高的-密度可以由灰岩靶岩撞击形成，也可以由有机质抛射体的人工撞击形成。6）冲击石英密度偏差可以讨论冲击变质作用的变质程度或变质演化。陆壳和K/T边界冲击样品在沉积作用下表现出不同的最大密度，其中以所有人工冲击的冲击数据为标准值。7）人工冲击作用可形成核幔双层结构，并通过与铁弹的大撞击提供了星子的形成。8）冲击变质材料是由气体-熔体-高压固体在动态开放体系中瞬间形成的各种淬火混合物。月球和小行星上的冲击物质聚集体主要包含太阳风成分的新宇宙冲击物质和宇宙资源元素。

项目成果

Miura Y.: "Effects of shock waves on lunar and planetary materials-experiments by railgun apparatus." Proc.the Solar System Symposium(ISAS). 13. 44-50 (1992)

Miura Y.：“冲击波对月球和行星材料的影响——轨道炮装置的实验。”

Miura Y.: "Shock waves in cosmic space." Proc. Strong Shock Waves. 117-123 (1991)

Miura Y.：“宇宙空间中的冲击波。”

Miura Y.: "Effects of shock waves on lunar and planetary materials - experiments by railgun apparatus." Solar System Symp. (ISAS). 44-50 (1992)

Miura Y.：“冲击波对月球和行星材料的影响——轨道炮装置的实验。”

Miura Y.,Kato T.,Kawashima N.,Yamori A.and Imai M.: "New shocked materials in artificial impact craters" Lunar and Planetary Science(ISAS,Japan). 24. 46-52 (1991)

Miura Y.、Kato T.、Kawashima N.、Yamori A.和 Imai M.：“人工撞击坑中的新型冲击材料”月球与行星科学（ISAS，日本）。

Miura Y.: "Anomalous quartz from Cretaceous and Tertiary(K/T)boundary" Intern. Sympo. Origin,Sedimentation and Tectonics of Late Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic Sedimentary Basins(Kyushu Univ.). 1. 30-30 (1991)

Miura Y.：“来自白垩纪和第三纪（K/T）边界的异常石英”实习生。