Visual Information for Highly Detectable Signs in an Emergency

我们检查了紧急标志的外观，考虑了人类的视觉，并打算探索在火灾或其他紧急情况下高度可检测的视觉标志。本研究由以下两个部分组成。颜色信息的影响：首先，我们通过测量受试者的眼睛注视来检查吸引注意力的颜色。研究表明，受试者对微红的颜色非常关注。另一方面，蓝色吸引的注意力较少。其次，当我们试图寻找紧急标志时，首先会在周围视野中检测到该标志。因此，我们测量了周边视觉中的颜色显着性。结果表明，周边视觉与中心视觉的相对显着性基本一致，在明视水平下，红色是周边视觉中最显著的色调。此外，如果标志被感知为光源颜色模式，则可以很容易地将其与周围的物体区分开来。我们测量了物体的照度使受试者在不同条件下将其感知为光源模式的程度。研究发现，孟塞尔值和铬含量较高的色片照度阈值较低，表明这些颜色很容易转变为光源颜色模式。寻找真实的出口标志：受试者在从地下购物中心或车站拍摄的真实场景中搜索出口标志。测量寻找体征的时间和寻找过程中的眼球运动。如果场景中不存在令人困惑的物体，受试者立即检测到出口标志。然而，如果现场存在各种令人困惑的物体，受试者很难找到标志。结果表明，标志周围的视觉环境是影响标志可检测性的重要因素，掌握了能引起注意的应急标志颜色的基本知识和保证应急标志高可检测性的视觉环境。

We examined the appearance of emergency signs considering human vision and intended to explore highly detectable visual signs in the event of a fire or other emergency. The research was composed of following two parts.1. Effects of color information: First we examined colors that catch attention by measuring subjects' eye fixations. It was shown that subjects gave much attention to reddish colors. On the other hand, bluish colors attracted less attention. Secondly, when we try to find an emergency sign, the sign will be detected in peripheral visual field at first. Thus we measured color conspicuity in peripheral vision. The results showed that relative conspicuity in peripheral vision agreed with that in central vision; red is the most conspicuous hue in peripheral vision under photopic level. Furthermore if signs are perceived as light source color mode, those may be easily distinguished from surrounding objects. We measured how much illuminance of objects enabled subjects to perceive them as light source mode under various conditions. Color chips with high Munsell value and chrome were found to have low illuminance threshold, indicating those colors easily changed to light source color mode.2. Searching for actual exit signs: Subjects searched an exit sign in actual scenes of pictures taken from underground shopping centers or stations. Searching time for the sign and eye movements during searching were measured. Subjects detected the exit sign immediately if confusing objects did not exist in the scene. However if various confusing objects were present in the scene, subjects had great difficulties in finding the sign. The results indicate that visual environment around the signs is significant factor for detectability of the signs.We obtained basic knowledge about colors of emergency signs that arouse attention and visual environment that assure high detectability of the emergency signs.