Dimension-up mechanism of brain from 2D retinal image to 3D space recognition

大脑从2D视网膜图像到3D空间识别的升维机制

• 批准号: 12650045
• 负责人: IKEDA Mitsuo
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Ritsumeikan University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12650045/
• 关键词: space recognition; SD picture; 3D space; demension-up; llight source color; lightness; brain function; 色の見えのモード; 3D認識; 照明認識視空間; 大きさの恒常性; 画像

Human being lives in a three dimensional space and it is one of the most important job for the brain to recognize the 3D outsideworld in spite of the fact that its retinal image is a mere 2D picture. It is considered then that the brain automatically increase the 2D image to 3D space recognition. This hypothesis was proved by three different experiments.A picture was taken to include a mountain at a far distance and its copies were made in which the size of the mountain was variously changed. These pictures were presented to subjects in two ways and asked them to choose one that appears most realistic. In one way the pictures were just shown placed in front of the subjects, and in the other way one picture was presented to the subjects with a so-called dimension-up goggle with which only the picture was seeable by the subjects. In the first way the subjects selected a picture in which the mountain was drawn about two to three time larger the the real size to confirm the size constancy. … More In the second way the subjects select the original picture, which implies that the picture was recognized as a 3D space and the size constancy took place for the space.In the second experiment a night soene picture was presented to subjects with and without the D-up goggle. At one small place which was a window of a building various gray scale was presented and the subjects were asked to set the gray scale at the point they saw the light source color there. Without the goggle the Munsell Value of the gray scale was set at a high value, but with the goggle the Value was set at a lower vale, about two lower. This implies that the subjects could recognize a 3D space on the picture and constructed the Recognized Visual Space of Illumination of a small size of brightness. Because of the small brightness size of the RVSI the subjects could see the light source color at a low Munsell Value.In the third experiment picture of the Necker cube was used as the stimulus. Three black gratings were drawn on the cube and two gay patches, one placed on the black gratings and the other behind the cube. When the brightness was measured for the two gray patches, the patch placed on the black gratings appeared brighter when the cube was observed through the D-up goggle. This implies that the cube was recognized as a 3D cube. When the black gratings were removed there was no difference in brightness among the two gray patches. It should imply that no 3D space was recognized and the same gray patches appeared same in brightness.All the above experiments show that that the brain automatically increases the dimension of the retinal image to 3D if the 2D picture was only presented to the subjects by eliminating all other information than the picture. Less

人类生活在一个三维空间中，尽管视网膜上的图像只是一个二维图像，但对三维外部世界的认知是大脑的重要工作之一。然后认为大脑自动将2D图像增加到3D空间识别。这一假设被三个不同的实验所证实。一张照片包括一座山在远处，它的副本，其中山的大小有不同的变化。这些图片以两种方式呈现给受试者，并要求他们选择一个看起来最真实的。在一种方式中，图片只是显示在受试者面前，而在另一种方式中，一张图片被呈现给受试者，带有所谓的维度放大的护目镜，只有图片被受试者看到。在第一种方法中，受试者选择了一张照片，照片中的山被画成比真实的大小大两到三倍，以确认大小恒定性。 ...更多信息 在第二种方式中，被试选择原始图片，这意味着图片被识别为3D空间，并且空间的大小恒定性发生。在一个小的地方，这是一个建筑物的窗口，各种灰度级，并要求受试者设置灰度级的点，他们看到的光源颜色在那里。如果没有护目镜，灰度的孟塞尔值被设置为一个高值，但有了护目镜，值被设置为一个较低的值，大约低了2。这意味着受试者可以识别图片上的3D空间，并构建小尺寸亮度的照明识别视觉空间。由于RVSI的亮度尺寸小，受试者可以在低孟塞尔值下看到光源颜色。立方体上画了三个黑色光栅，两个同性恋补丁，一个放在黑色光栅上，另一个放在立方体后面。当测量两个灰色斑块的亮度时，当通过D-up护目镜观察立方体时，放置在黑色光栅上的斑块看起来更亮。这意味着立方体被识别为3D立方体。当黑色光栅被移除时，两个灰色斑块之间的亮度没有差异。这意味着没有3D空间被识别，相同的灰色斑块在亮度上显示相同。所有上述实验表明，如果仅向受试者呈现2D图像，则大脑通过消除除图像之外的所有其他信息来自动将视网膜图像的维度增加到3D。少