Silver halide recording materials and their processing for hardened-gelatin volume phase holograms

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Fundamental design and processing method of silver halide recording materials to make hardened-gelatin volume phase holograms, whose holographic characteristics are similar to those of conventional dichromate gelatin holograms were investigated. The best ultrafine-grain emulsion was dye sensitized orthochromatic chloro-bromide one containing 20 mole % of chloride, prepared by follows; The emulsification was done in the shortest time by double-jet method under little excess halide ions using restrainer-rich gelatin. After emulsification, the emulsion was desalted immediately by flocculation using absolute alcohol to prevent the progress of undesired Ostwald ripening. Chemical sensitization by sulfite was effective to increase the sensitivity without changing the average size and size-distribution of emulsion grains and the shape of the characteristic curve. The coating of above emulsion had to be minimized the strain and the distortion of recorded holographic interference fringes image during processing. The hardened-gelatin volume phase hologram was produced in the moderate hardened coatingof reasonable thickness with proper silver-gelatin ratio. Uniformity and flatness of the coating were also important requirements. In the Processing, the balance between the rate of formation of chromic ions and the rate of cross-rinking with gelatin in tanning-bleach was most important. The use of the sulfate-saturated tanning bleach led to better result. Additional processing steps, for example, intermediate drying, intermediate fixation, etc. was not necessary.