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Genetic studies on regeneration and somaclonal variation in barley tissue culture.

大麦组织培养再生和体细胞克隆变异的遗传学研究。

基本信息

批准号：
03454038
负责人：
YASUDA Shozo
金额：
$ 2.43万
依托单位：
Okayama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study was made using a total of 132 barley varieties which were collected from various regions in the world. The items of the experiments are as follows: (1) varietal variation and its geographical distribution in the rates of root and plantlet regenerations, (2) physiological analysis for callus formation and differentiation to the root and plantlet using mature and immature embryos, (3) diallel analysis for potentiality of callus formation, and plantlet regeneration, (4) effects of dry and wet conditions of culture medium, darkness and lightness for culture and content of hormonal substances in medium on regeneration of root and plantlets, (5) somaclonal variation in number of chromosomes and morphological characteristics, and (6) suspension culture of the pollen grains at the uninucleate stage. As the results, it was recognized that there were several factors affecting regenerational potentiality, and the gene or genes for root regeneration seemed to differ with those for plantlet regeneration. Secondary, it was suggested that the differences in the regeneration rate between mature embryos and immature embryos were affected by the hormonal contents in these embryos. Several environmental factors were considered as the third factor. Darkness and lightness, wet and dry media and high and low temperature etc. were tested in regeneration of root and plantlet, and darkness and dry medium raised regeneration rates in some varieties.

本研究利用来自世界各地的132个大麦品种进行。实验项目如下：（1）根和植株再生率的品种变异及其地理分布;（2）成熟胚和幼胚愈伤组织形成和分化成根和植株的生理分析;（3）愈伤组织形成和植株再生潜力的分化分析;（4）培养基干湿条件的影响;（5）染色体数目和形态特征的体细胞无性系变异;（6）单核期花粉粒的悬浮培养。结果表明，影响再生潜力的因素很多，根再生的基因与植株再生的基因不同。其次，成熟胚和未成熟胚再生率的差异受胚中激素含量的影响。环境因素被认为是第三个因素。在根和苗的再生中进行了黑暗与光照、湿与干、高与低温等试验，黑暗与干可提高部分品种的再生率。