Genetic studies on regeneration and somaclonal variation in barley tissue culture.

本研究使用了从世界不同地区收集的132个大麦品种。实验项目如下：(1)根和植株再生速率的品种变异及其地理分布；(2)成熟胚和未成熟胚对根和植株愈伤组织形成和分化的生理分析；(3)愈伤组织形成和植株再生潜力的双列杂交分析；(4)培养基的干湿条件、培养的黑暗和亮度以及培养基中激素物质含量对根和植株再生的影响；(5)染色体数目和形态特征的体细胞无性系变异；(6)单核时期花粉粒的悬浮培养。结果表明，影响植株再生潜力的因素有很多，根系再生的基因与植株再生的基因似乎有所不同。其次，成熟胚胎和未成熟胚胎的再生率差异受胚胎中激素含量的影响。一些环境因素被认为是第三个因素。通过暗、明、湿、干、高温、低温等条件对植株和根的再生进行了试验，结果表明，暗、干条件能提高部分品种的再生速度。

This study was made using a total of 132 barley varieties which were collected from various regions in the world. The items of the experiments are as follows: (1) varietal variation and its geographical distribution in the rates of root and plantlet regenerations, (2) physiological analysis for callus formation and differentiation to the root and plantlet using mature and immature embryos, (3) diallel analysis for potentiality of callus formation, and plantlet regeneration, (4) effects of dry and wet conditions of culture medium, darkness and lightness for culture and content of hormonal substances in medium on regeneration of root and plantlets, (5) somaclonal variation in number of chromosomes and morphological characteristics, and (6) suspension culture of the pollen grains at the uninucleate stage. As the results, it was recognized that there were several factors affecting regenerational potentiality, and the gene or genes for root regeneration seemed to differ with those for plantlet regeneration. Secondary, it was suggested that the differences in the regeneration rate between mature embryos and immature embryos were affected by the hormonal contents in these embryos. Several environmental factors were considered as the third factor. Darkness and lightness, wet and dry media and high and low temperature etc. were tested in regeneration of root and plantlet, and darkness and dry medium raised regeneration rates in some varieties.