Genetic studies on regeneration and somaclonal variation in barley tissue culture.

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This study was made using a total of 132 barley varieties which were collected from various regions in the world. The items of the experiments are as follows: (1) varietal variation and its geographical distribution in the rates of root and plantlet regenerations, (2) physiological analysis for callus formation and differentiation to the root and plantlet using mature and immature embryos, (3) diallel analysis for potentiality of callus formation, and plantlet regeneration, (4) effects of dry and wet conditions of culture medium, darkness and lightness for culture and content of hormonal substances in medium on regeneration of root and plantlets, (5) somaclonal variation in number of chromosomes and morphological characteristics, and (6) suspension culture of the pollen grains at the uninucleate stage. As the results, it was recognized that there were several factors affecting regenerational potentiality, and the gene or genes for root regeneration seemed to differ with those for plantlet regeneration. Secondary, it was suggested that the differences in the regeneration rate between mature embryos and immature embryos were affected by the hormonal contents in these embryos. Several environmental factors were considered as the third factor. Darkness and lightness, wet and dry media and high and low temperature etc. were tested in regeneration of root and plantlet, and darkness and dry medium raised regeneration rates in some varieties.