Evaluation of Heterosis in Cultivated Barley Varieties

栽培大麦品种杂种优势评价

• 批准号: 62560006
• 负责人: YASUDA Shozo
• 金额: $ 1.73万
• 依托单位: Okayama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62560006/
• 关键词: Heterosis; Diallel analysis; Growth analysis; Dominant short-stem gene; General combining ability; Specific combining ability; Planting dencity; uzu or semi-brachytic type; 相対生長率; 純同化率; 細胞質雄性不捻; 捻性回復遺伝子; 多面作用; 密穂遺伝子; ヘテローシス; 密穂製; オオムギ; 超優

It has been known that there are several barriers to hybridization between barley varieties: hybrid brittleness, hybrid weakness and hybrid lethal etc. In this study, therefore, experiments on heterosis in barley was made within the limit of rather narrow crossing. Seven kinds of experiments are carried out in this study. (1) Studies on combining ability between six-rowed barley varieties originated in East Asia, (2) heterosis in two-rowed barley varieties, (3) evaluation of combining ability by means of diallel crosses in barley, (4) expression of heterosis in stem length of F_1-hybrids between wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, (5) heterosis in stem length of F_1-hybrids in cultivated two-rowed barley, (6) relation between heterosis in mature and juvenile plants and (7) comparative investigation of heterosis effect under two different planting densities. In the Experiments(1), (2), (4) and (5), top cross system was used in which one or two varieties were taken as the donor parents, res … More pectively.In present study, high heterosis for yielding performance was obtained in F_1-hybrids within comparatively narrow range of crossing such as six-row type, two-row type and also uzu or semi-brachytic type, respectively. However, there were some tendencies to become larger expression of heterosis in F_1-hybrid between varieties collected from further distant. F_1-hybrid plants generally tended to elongate in stem length too much. So, dominant gene or genes for short stem were searched in this study, but no one dominant gene for short stem was found so far as 150 or more crosses were tested. Diallel analysis using 10 varieties showed significantly additive and dominant effects in yield and most of yield component characters, and some of cross combinations represented general or specific combining ability. Furthermore, results of growth analysis, made by F_1-hybrid plants and varieties, showed that major indications of growth or total dry weight, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio, have had non-significant relation with final grain yield of the plants. Less

大麦品种间的杂交存在着多种障碍：杂交脆性、杂交性弱、杂交致死性等。因此，本研究在较窄的杂交范围内进行了大麦的杂种优势试验。本研究共进行了七种实验。(1)东亚六棱大麦品种的配合力研究；(2)二棱大麦品种的杂种优势研究；(3)大麦双列杂交的配合力评价；(4)野生大麦与大麦杂交F_1代的茎长杂种优势表现；(5)栽培二棱大麦F_1代杂种优势的表现；(6)成熟期和幼苗期杂种优势的关系；在试验(1)、(2)、(4)和(5)中，采用顶交系统，其中以一个或两个品种为供体亲本RES…在本研究中，F_1代组合在较窄的杂交范围内表现出较高的产量优势，如六棱型、二棱型和乌苏或半短缘型。但在远距离收集的品种间，F_1代的杂种优势有增大的趋势。F_1代植株一般都有茎长过长的倾向。因此，本研究寻找了一个或多个矮秆的显性基因，但到目前为止，在150个或更多的杂交组合中没有发现一个短茎的显性基因。对10个品种的双列分析表明，产量和大部分产量构成性状的加性和显性效应显著，部分杂交组合表现出一般配合力或特殊配合力。此外，对F_1代植株和品种的生长分析结果表明，生长或总干重、相对生长率、净同化率和叶面积比等主要指标与最终产量的关系不显著。较少

项目成果

安田昭三: "オオムギ近縁野生種Hordeum Spontaneumにおける稈長のヘテロ-シス" 育種学雑誌別冊. 38(1). 326-327 (1988)

Shozo Yasuda：“Hordeum Spontaneum 中秆长度的杂种优势，一种与大麦密切相关的野生物种”《育种科学杂志》，38(1) (1988)。

安田昭三: 育種学雑誌別冊. 38(2). 286-287 (1988)

安田翔三：育种杂志特刊 38(2)。

安田昭三: 育種学雑誌別冊. 38(1). 326-327 (1988)

安田昭三：育种杂志特刊 38(1) (1988)。

YASUDA, S.: "Studies on hybrid vigor in barley. III. Evaluation of combining ability by means of a diallel analysis." Japan. J. Breed. (Suppl.) 37(1):296-297, 1987.

YASUDA, S.：“大麦杂交活力的研究。III.通过双列分析评估配合力。”

YASUDA, S.: "Heterosis in stem length of wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum." Japan. J. Breed. (Suppl.) 38(1):326-327.1988.

YASUDA, S.：“野生大麦（Hordeum spontaneum）茎长度的杂种优势。”