Rheological properties of mantle minerals.

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1. Stress environments of the samples in a multi-anvil apparatus have been evaluated by TEM observations of olivine crystals under different stress conditions. Mechanisms of phase transformations and rheological properties of olivine and garnet have been studied on the basis of these observations.2. Phase transformations in mantle and crust materials have been studied at pressures up to 28GPa. The constitution of the mantle and dynamics of subducted slabs have been discussed on the basis of density changes in these materials.3. Synthetic polycrystalline pyrope was sintered under pressure with a multi-anvil apparatus. The sintered pyrope specimens with less than 1 % porosity were synthesized, whose elastic properties were successfully measured via a sphere resonance method.4. A new method has been developed for the measurements of elastic properties with resonance method. This technique was applied to single crystals and was found to efficiently determine elastic constants of small specimens in a shorter time interval as compared to those needed in the conventional method.