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Rates of soil formation

土壤形成率

基本信息

批准号：
04453127
负责人：
WAKATSUKI Toshiyuki
金额：
$ 3.26万
依托单位：
Shimane University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04453127/
关键词：
rate of soil formation watershed critical acid precipitation load rate of weathering soil erosion soil degradation G.Gadut watershed geochemical mass balances 地球化学的マスバランスガド山集水域母材降雨河川水酸性雨熱帯土壌生成

项目摘要

(1). The first approximation of restes of weathering and soil fromation : A new method for evaluation of raytes of weathering and soil formation was proposed. For the elements derived from rocks, geochemical mass balances were assumed to exist between parent rocks, soils, and river waters. Seven mass balance equations, which include the rates of weathering (denoted as R) and soil formation (denoted as S) in unknown quantitites, were set up using the data of Al, Fe, Ca, K,Na, and Si. Solution of simultaneous equations gave vakues of R and S.(2). The multiple regression method for estimating rates of weathering and soil formation : Distribution of the seven maojer elements among rocks, soils, river water precipitation and vegetation were formulated in seven mass balance equations. Multiple regression analysis gave one set of the most probable values of rates of weathering and soil formation in a watershed.(3). Characterization of precipitation and river water chemistry for measuring rates of weathering and soil formation in small watersheds : The precipitation and river water chemistry were characterized in three small subwatersheds of the Iu river, southwestern Japan. The monitoring of the precipitation and river water was continued during April 1989-March 1992. The three subwatersheds consist of different geological materials : andesite, granite, and basic pyroclastic materials.(4). Rock and soil chemistry in small watersheds : Characterization of rocks and soils from andesitic and garnitic subwatersheds was done. Heterogenity of soil due to topografic positions was observed. Sampling strategy for rocks and soils were proposed.(5). Characterization of tropical watershed of Wes Sumatra : For case study, long term monitoring was continued during September 1991 to December 1992 at andesitic small watershed in G.Gadut catchment area, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

（一）.本文提出了一种评价风化成土作用的新方法--一级近似法。对于来自岩石的元素，假设母岩、土壤和河水沃茨之间存在地球化学质量平衡。利用Al、Fe、Ca、K、Na、Si等元素数据，建立了7个未知量岩石风化速率（R）和成土速率（S）的质量平衡方程。联立方程组的解给出了R和S的值。（二）、估算风化成土速率的多元回归方法：用七个质量平衡方程描述了七种主要元素在岩石、土壤、河水降水和植被中的分布。多元回归分析给出了一组流域风化和土壤形成速率的最可能值。（三）、表征的降水和河流水化学的风化和土壤形成的小流域的测量速率：降水和河流水化学的特点是在三个小的子流域，日本西南部的柳河。1989年4月至1992年3月期间继续监测降水和河水。这三个子流域由不同的地质物质组成：安山岩、花岗岩和基性火山碎屑物质。（四）、岩石和土壤化学在小流域：岩石和土壤的安山岩和石榴石子流域进行了表征。观察到土壤因地形位置而产生的异质性。提出了岩石和土壤的取样策略。（五）、西苏门答腊热带流域的特征：为个案研究，长期监测期间继续在1991年9月至1992年12月在安山质小流域G.Gadut集水区，西苏门答腊，印度尼西亚。