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INDIGENOUS-FARMING-ADAPTIVE SUIDEN AND AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS

适应本土农业的水和农林业系统

基本信息

批准号：
08041150
负责人：
WAKATSUKI Toshiyuki
金额：
$ 9.6万
依托单位：
SHIMANE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08041150/
关键词：
Agroforestry Asian and African Cooperation African based Sawah system Indigenous African Farming Guinea Savanna Zone Farmers's Participation Indigenous Farming of Nupe and Igbo Inland Valley Watershed アグロフォレストリーアジアアフリカ交流伝統農業ヌペの

项目摘要

Why has the green revolution not yet been realized in West Africa? The "sawah" hypothesis was put forward to resolve the problems to restore the African food and environmental crises. The term "sawah" originated from Malay and refers to leveled irrigated rice fields with bunding. Sawah is the prerequisite for realizing the green revolution as well as preserving and even restoring the ecological environments. Irrigation and drainage without farmers'sawah farming technologies displayd a very low efficiency or an even dangerous because of accelerating erosion. Thus the development of irrigation has been slow. In the absence of water control, fertilizers cannot be used efficiently. Accordingly the high yielding varieties are useless.Integrated approach for total watershed management is important. For the sawah development we should look not only at the valley bottoms but the upland forest. The lowland soil formation involves the transport and sedimentation of eroded topsoils under upland f … More orest by river water. In the sawah based farming system this geological fertilization process can be enhanced in combination with sustainable management of forest at the upland. Long term sustainability of sawah farming can be attributed to this processAmong the various lowland ecologies in West Africa, small inland valleys will be the first target for the small scale sawah based rice farming by the participatory approach for the development, floodplain comes next, huge inland basins and delta need heavy investment for development and maintenance.On-farm researches for the introduction of sawah based rice farming were conducted on the benchmark small inland valleys in Bida, central Nigeria. Although sawah gave higher yields and enhanced soil and water conservation, some sawahs constructed at the benchmark sites were not maintained by the farmers after the termination of the trials, but some farmers maintain and even expand the sawahs by themselves. Only demonstration especially by foreign experts is not enough. The key issue is how the new system can be integrated into indigenous farming systems through trial and error with local farmers' active participation and evaluation. The close link between researcher and extension officer is the prerequisite. The new discipline, such as extension researcher or research extension officer, is desirable. Less

为什么西非尚未实现绿色革命？“sawah”假说是为解决非洲粮食危机和环境危机而提出的。“sawah”一词起源于马来语，指的是平整的灌溉稻田。Sawah是实现绿色革命以及保护甚至恢复生态环境的先决条件。如果没有农民的节水灌溉技术，灌溉和排水的效率很低，甚至由于加速侵蚀而处于危险之中。因此，灌溉发展缓慢。如果不控制水，肥料就不能有效利用。因此，高产品种是无用的。综合方法的总流域管理是重要的。对于sawah的发展，我们不仅要关注山谷底部，还要关注高地森林。低地土壤的形成包括侵蚀表土在高地土壤下的迁移和沉积。 ...更多信息靠河水流过。在以萨瓦为基础的耕作制度中，这种地质施肥过程可以与高地森林的可持续管理相结合加以加强。萨瓦农业的长期可持续性可归因于这一过程在西非的各种低地生态中，通过参与式开发方法，内陆小山谷将成为小规模萨瓦水稻农业的首要目标，其次是洪泛区，巨大的内陆盆地和三角洲需要大量的开发和维护投资。在尼日利亚中部Bida的基准内陆小山谷进行了关于引进基于sawah的水稻种植的农场研究。尽管沙瓦具有较高的产量和水土保持能力，但在试验结束后，在基准点建造的一些沙瓦没有由农民维护，而是由农民自己维护甚至扩大沙瓦。仅仅示范，特别是外国专家的示范是不够的。关键问题是如何在当地农民的积极参与和评价下，通过试错，将新系统纳入土著耕作系统。研究人员和推广官员之间的密切联系是先决条件。新的学科，如推广研究员或研究推广官员，是可取的。少