EFFECTS OF CIRCUMSTANCE ON BIO-PRODUCTION

在农业和发酵工业领域，不溶性底物和异质微生物起着重要的作用。本文研究了影响各种发酵过程的酶的多样性和微生物的异质性。1)川曲霉葡萄糖淀粉酶对生淀粉的消化率具有多样性。能有效消化生淀粉的GAI对生淀粉有催化位点和亲和位点。对原料淀粉的亲和位点由fCp和GpI组成，分别是原料淀粉的结合位点和原料淀粉水化促进位点。通过位点特异性诱变研究了它们的结构与功能之间的关系。2)利用对孢子进行热处理诱导的母质二倍体细胞，获得了清酿酒酵母的多倍性。另一方面，发现酿酒酵母wy2表现出一种新的生命周期，称为延迟同殖现象。结果发现该菌株存在HO基因缺陷。4)在连续传代培养中观察到的乙酰丁酸梭菌的退化是由自发突变引起的。退化菌株在NADH生成系统中存在缺陷，即使在野生型菌株的静止期也能快速生长。5)研究了利用嗜粪菌处理动物粪便的新工艺。处理后的粪便能促进荧光假单胞菌或非致病性真菌的生长，从而降低马铃薯普通痂的发病率。

In the field of agriculture and fermentation industry, insoluble substrates and heterogeneous microbes play important roles. In this work, we studied on the multiplicity of enzyme and heterogenicity of microbes that affect on various kind of fermentations.1) Glucoamylase of Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi shows multiplicity on digestivity of raw-starch. GAI that effectively digests raw starch had catalytic site and affinity sites on raw-starch. The affinity sites for raw starch were composed o fCp and GpI, which were binding site on raw starch and promoting site of raw-starch hydration, respectively. The relationships between structure and function of them were studied by site-specific mutagenesis.2) Multiploidity of sake-brewery yeast was developed by using mater diploid-cells, that were induced by heat treatment of spores. On the other hand, it was found that Saccharomyces cerevisiae wy2 showed a novel life cycle, named delayd homothallism. It was found tha the strain had a defect in HO gene.4) The degeneration of Clostridium acetobutylicum observed in the serial subculture were found to be caused by spontaneous mutants. The degenerated strain were defected in NADH generation system, and grew rapidly even in the stationary phase of the wild-type strain.5) A new process for animal-feces treatment was developed by using Coprophilous microbes. The treated feces, that enhance the growthof fluorescent pseudomonads or non-pathogenic fungi, could depress the incidence of potato common scab.