Physio-chemical Analysis on the Mechanism of Conjugation between Eukyaryote and Prokaryote.

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Trans-kindom conjuation between prokaryotic Escherichia coli and eukaryotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast required the sexual cell aggultination in which the conjugation occurred. The cell surface substances of both bacterium and yeast involved in the agglutination. The sex plasmid which were transmitted, were generally recirculized and replicated as plasmids in transconjugants. However, at very rare frequency, the plasmids were integrated into the transconjugants chromosomes by double crossing over. The conjugation process directly involves into the integration because this type integration is very rare in transformation. Newly constucted conjugative YACs in which oriT was inserted were successfully transferred into yeast recipient from E.coli. E.coli also could conjugate with Saccharomyces kluyveri which was a relatively remote species from S.cerevisiae. This conjugation induced a high frequent plasmid recombination. Agrobacterium tumafaciens could conjugate with S.cerevisiae. We compared T-DNA transfer with conjugate transfer of Ti-plasmid in Agrobacterium. Finally, we have proposed a novel hypothesis which describes the role of trans-kingdom conjugation on the origin and evolution of mitochondrion and chloroplast.