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Phylogenetic analysis of organisms based on the sequence date of the mitochondrial DNA from both extince and extant taxa.

基于已灭绝和现存类群线粒体 DNA 的序列数据对生物体进行系统发育分析。

基本信息

批准号：
04454033
负责人：
OZAWA Tomowo
金额：
$ 4.03万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to make phylogenetic analysis of organisms including both extinct and extant taxa, DNA was extracted from a number of samples of fossil and living mammals and molluscs. Especially, DNA was successfully extraxcted from several fossil samples of wooly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) ocurred from the Upper Pleistocene depostis (53000-10000 yr. BP) in Siberia. Using the primers complementary to conserved regions of the mitochondrail Cytochrome bgene, a 307 base pair fragment flanked by the primers L14841 and H15149 was amplified using polynesase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR producs were sequenced using the dideoxy sequencing method, along with the cloning method. The amplified fossil DNA did not arise from contamination from an outside source by comparison with the sequence of the extant species of the Ekephantidae. The molecular phylogenetic trees of extinct and extant Elephgantid taxa suggested that the wooly mammoth was more closely retated to the African elephant than the Asian elehant, although the manmmoth and Asian elephant formed a sister group relationship in the traditional phylogenetic trees based on the morphologic characters.In this project, the evolutionary relationships of the species of Umbonium (Suchium) [Mollusca ; Gastropoda] were also studied by using paleontologic and molecular methods. The nucleotide sequences of homologuous regions of mitochondrial DNAs derived from five living species were determined and phylogenetic trees were constructed. The compa ; rison of molecular and morphologic phylogenetic trees revealed that the phylogenetic tree based onb the morphologic data did not show the clade but do the grade.

为了对包括灭绝和现存类群在内的生物体进行系统发育分析，从许多化石和现存哺乳动物和软体动物样本中提取了 DNA。特别是，从西伯利亚上更新世沉积物（距今53000-10000年）发现的猛犸象（Mammuthus primigenius）化石样本中成功提取了DNA。使用与线粒体细胞色素b基因的保守区域互补的引物，使用多聚酶链式反应(PCR)扩增侧翼为引物L14841和H15149的307碱基对片段。使用双脱氧测序方法和克隆方法对PCR产物进行测序。与现存 Ekephantidae 物种的序列相比，扩增的化石 DNA 并非来自外部来源的污染。已灭绝和现存象类群的分子系统发育树表明，尽管根据形态特征，猛犸象和亚洲象在传统的系统发育树上形成了姐妹群关系，但猛犸象与非洲象的亲缘关系比亚洲象更为密切。还利用古生物学和分子方法对腹足动物进行了研究。确定了来自五个活物种的线粒体DNA同源区域的核苷酸序列并构建了系统发育树。公司；分子和形态学系统发育树的分析表明，基于形态学数据的系统发育树不显示进化枝，而是显示等级。