Origin and formative process of the Japanese Fauna viewed from molecular phylogeny and fossil records

从分子系统发育和化石记录看日本动物群的起源和形成过程

• 批准号: 13854001
• 负责人: OZAWA Tomowo
• 金额: $ 69.56万
• 依托单位: Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13854001/
• 关键词: molecular phylogeny; fossil records; Japan; Asia; biota; origin; formative process; Cenozoic Era

This project had the ambitious goal of clarifying both the dominant geographic origins of Japanese Fauna and how the original fauna developed into the modeen distributions and types. A major part of this project was the molecular phylogenetic analyses of a number of representative land and marine animals. The land animals investigated include the genera Sus (wild boars), Cervus (deer), Selenarctos (Asian black bears), Diplothrix (Ryukyu long-haired rat), Trimeresurus (Habu snakes), Agkistrodon (Mamushi snakes), Cynops (newts), Cobitids (loaches), Coreoperca (Percichthyd) and Semisulcospira (fresh-water snails). The marine organisms were all molluscan species including limpets ((Pattellogastropods), Haliotis (abalones), Turbinids (turban shells), Buccinum and Neptunea (Buccinids), Anadara (arcids), Crassostrea (oysters), and Meretrix (Venerid bibalves). The analyses used samples of most of the relevant species and subspecies of animals with distributions extending throughout the Japanes … More e Islands and Asia (or, in the case of marine organisms, throughout the world.) These results were combined with stratigraphical and paleontological studies of related fossils found in terrestrial and marine deposits throughout the Japanese Islands and Asian continent. Where relevant fossils in other locations throughout the world were also considered.These molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that an animal species living in Japan generally treated as a single species are in fact commonly composed of two or more allopatrically distributed subspecies or species. Molecular phylogeny and fossil records suggest the most likely explanation for the present-day allopatric distribution of many species in the Japanese Islands is repeated migration of genetically separated subspecies or species from the Asian continent at different geological times following different migration routes. The same features are also observed in marine mollusks, and are particularly clearly exhibited by the molecular phylogeny and fossil records of Japanese limpets and ablones.The timing and location of immigration routes for land mammals that arrived from the Asian continent in the Japanese Islands during the Pleistocene were mainly estimated from the biostratigraphical distribution of elephant fossils in Japan and China. The occurrences of Mammuthus shigensis around 1.2 Ma, Stegodon orientalis around 0.6 Ma. Paleoloxodon naumanni around 0.35 Ma in Kyushu-Shikoku-Honshu, and Mammuthus primigenius around 0.02 Ma in Hokkaido strongly suggest the presence of land bridges at these times that enabled the immigration of the large land-based mammals.In the Ryukyu Islands, the present study revealed the presence of rich and varied Early to Middle Pleistocene vertebrate faunas in Okinawa Island. Until recently Pleistocene fossil records of this area were mostly restricted to the Late Pleistocene. Paleontological investigations of these fossil vertebrate faunas revealed that an ancestral fauna consisted of immigrants from the continents in the pre-Pleistocene and Early Pleistocene periods and also that the present-day endemic fauna of the Middle Ryukyu with a small number of species was formed by repeated extinction events affecting the varied ancestral fauna that has long been isolated from the continent after the formation of the Okinawa trough. This study also revealed that the fauna of the Southern Ryukyu is composed of both Late Pleistocene and much earlier immigrants. Less

该项目有一个雄心勃勃的目标，即阐明日本动物群的主要地理起源，以及原始动物群如何发展成现代分布和类型。该项目的一个主要部分是对一些有代表性的陆地和海洋动物进行分子系统发育分析。被调查的陆地动物包括Sus属（野猪）、Cervus属（鹿）、Selenarctos属（亚洲黑熊）、Diplothrix属（琉球长毛鼠）、Trimeresurus属（哈布蛇）、Agkistrodon属（马木希蛇）、Cynops属（蝾螈）、Cobitids属（泥鳅）、Coreoperca属（鲈科）和Semisulcospira属（淡水蜗牛）。海洋生物均为软体动物，包括帽贝类（帽贝类）、海螺类（鲍鱼类）、Turbinids（头巾贝类）、Buccinum和Neptunea（贝壳类）、Anadara（水螅类）、Crassostrea（牡蛎类）和Meretrix （Venerid双壳类）。分析使用了大多数相关物种和亚种的动物样本，它们的分布范围遍及日本、其他岛屿和亚洲（或者，就海洋生物而言，遍及全世界）。这些结果与在日本群岛和亚洲大陆的陆地和海洋沉积物中发现的相关化石的地层学和古生物学研究相结合。世界上其他地方的相关化石也被考虑在内。这些分子系统发育分析表明，生活在日本的一个通常被视为单一物种的动物物种实际上通常由两个或两个以上的异域分布的亚种或种组成。分子系统发育和化石记录表明，对当今日本群岛上许多物种的异域分布最可能的解释是，基因分离的亚种或物种在不同的地质时期沿着不同的迁徙路线从亚洲大陆反复迁徙。在海洋软体动物中也观察到同样的特征，特别是在日本帽贝和海贝的分子系统发育和化石记录中表现得尤为明显。在更新世时期，陆地哺乳动物从亚洲大陆到达日本列岛的迁徙路线的时间和地点主要是根据日本和中国大象化石的生物地层分布来估计的。志贺mammuthus shigensis的出现时间约为1.2 Ma， Stegodon orientalis的出现时间约为0.6 Ma。九州-国-本州约0.35 Ma的古人类齿，以及北海道约0.02 Ma的原始猛犸象，强烈表明当时陆桥的存在，使大型陆基哺乳动物能够迁徙。在琉球群岛，本研究发现冲绳岛存在丰富多样的早更新世至中更新世脊椎动物区系。直到最近，该地区的更新世化石记录大多局限于晚更新世。对这些脊椎动物化石的古生物学研究表明，在前更新世和早更新世时期，琉球中部地区的特有动物群是由来自大陆的移民组成的，并且在冲绳海槽形成后，影响了长期与大陆隔离的各种祖先动物群的反复灭绝事件，形成了少数物种。研究还表明，琉球南部的动物群既有晚更新世的移民，也有更早的移民。少

项目成果

風穴洞穴の完新世および後期更新世の哺乳類遺体.

风洞的全新世和晚更新世哺乳动物遗骸。

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: 「北上山地に日本更新世人類化石を探る-岩手県大迫町アバクチ・風穴洞穴遺跡の発掘-」(百々幸雄・瀧川 渉・澤田純明(編))
• 作者: KITA;Yasuyuki;AKAI;Shuji.;河村善也
• 通讯作者: 河村善也

Evolution of ancient organisms (Science of ancient organisms, vol.4)(in Japanese)

古代生物的进化（古代生物科学，第4卷）（日语）

• 发表时间: 2004
• 作者: Ozawa;T.;Setoguchi;T.;Hayami;I.
• 通讯作者: I.

Wei, G.B., Kawamura, Y., Jin, C.Z.: "A new bamboo rat from the Early Pleistocene of Renzidong cave in Fanchang, Anhui, central China"The Quaternary Research. 43(1). 49-62 (2004)

魏G.B.、川村Y.、金长征：“中国中部安徽繁昌人子洞早更新世新竹鼠”第四纪研究。

Kimura, T., Ozawa, T.: "A new Cetothere (Cetacea : Mysticeti) from the Early Miocene of Japan"Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22(3). 684-702 (2002)

Kimura, T., Ozawa, T.：“来自日本中新世早期的新鲸类（鲸类：Mysticeti）”《古脊椎动物学杂志》。

河村善也: "アバクチ洞穴遺跡の完新世小型哺乳類遺体"北上山地に更新世人類化石を探る, 東北大学出版会. (印刷中). (2003)

Yoshiya Kawamura：“阿巴克奇洞穴遗址的全新世小型哺乳动物遗骸”，《探索北上山脉的更新世人类化石》，东北大学出版社（2003 年出版）。