USEFULNESS OF SALIVA TO DETECT ANTIBODIES AGAINST VIRUSES IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

流行病学研究中采集血液标本的缺点是程序痛苦，需要经过医学培训的人员和消毒的一次性注射器。建立了一种检测唾液中单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)抗体的方法(ABC-ELISA法)，并观察了健康学生和浴室女从业人员中HSV抗体的流行情况。血清和唾液标本分别稀释为1：400和1：5，ABC-ELISA分别为1：2000和1：10。抗人免疫球蛋白和抗生物素生物素复合体的生物素标记抗体购自美国加州伯灵格姆。获得病毒与对照抗原的光密度(OD)差异，并从…中确定d-OD(均值+3SD)作为ABC-ELISA的临界值与血清HSV抗体检测结果比较，ABC-ELISA法检测唾液HSV的敏感性和特异性分别为93.3%和100%。ABC-ELISA法的敏感性高于间接ELISA法。ABC-ELISA法检测血清和唾液的阳性结果之间存在显著的相关性。在74例血清阳性者唾液标本中，3例ABC-ELISA阴性，3例血清d-OD值较低，女卫生间从业人员唾液中HSV抗体阳性率为84.3%(161/191)。按年龄分组HSV抗体阳性率，20~29岁组为65%，30~39岁组为89%，*40岁组为94%。最年轻的浴室从业人员唾液中HSV抗体阳性率显著高于护生(43.5%)。横滨市居民血清HSV抗体阳性率20~29岁组为41%，30~39岁组为63%，40~49岁组为82%。结果表明，卫生间从业人员与横滨居民不同年龄段HSV抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义。从单纯疱疹病毒流行情况来看，浴室从业人员是单纯疱疹病毒传播的高危人群。虽然ABC-ELISA法检测唾液的敏感性有待提高，但上述结果提示唾液可用于流行病学研究中检测HSV抗体。较少

Collection of blood specimens in epidemiological studies has disadvantages that is the procedure with painful, requirement of medically trained personnel and the sterilized disposable syringes. We established a sensitive ELISA method (ABC-ELISA) to detect the antibodies against herpes simplex virus (HSV) in saliva, and observed the prevalence among healthy students and female bath-house workers.Paired specimens of serum and saliva were collected from 198 healthy students of nurse school and medical school, and saliva specimens were obtained from 191 female bath-house workers. Serum and saliva specimens were diluted 1 : 400 and 1 : 5 for indirect ELISA and 1 : 2000 and 1 : 10 for ABC-ELISA respectively. The biotinylated antibody against human IgG and avidin biotin complex were purchased from Vector (Burlingame, Calif.U.S.A). The difference of optical density (OD) between virus and control antigen were obtained, and the cut-off valued of d-OD (mean+3SD) for ABC-ELISA were determined from … More negative samples.In comparison with the results of HSV antibody test on serum, the sensitivity and specificity for ABC-ELISA on saliva were 93.3% and 100% respectively. The sensitivity for ABC-ELISA was higher than that for indirect ELISA.The significant correlation between the results for positive cases by ABC-ELISA on serum and saliva was found. Of 74 saliva specimens from seropositives, three gave negative results on ABC-ELISA.The values of d-OD on serum of these 3 cases were low.The prevalence of HSV antibody in saliva among female bath-house workers was 84.3% (161/191). The positive rates of HSV antibody by age were 65% in the 20-29 age group, 89% in the 30-39 age group and 94% in the * 40 age group. The prevalence of HSV antibody in saliva among the youngest bath-house worker group was significantly higher than that of nurse students (43.5%). The positive rates of HSV antibody in serum among residents of Yokohama city were 41% in the 20-29 age group, 63% in the 30-39 age group and 82% in the 40-49 age group. It was indicated that there were significant difference on prevalence rates of HSV antibody by age group between bath-house workers and residents of Yokohoma. It can be considerable from the data on HSV prevalence that the bath-house workers is high risk group on HSV transmission.Though it is necessary to improve sensitivity of ABC-ELISA method for testing of saliva, the mentioned results suggested that saliva was useful for detection of antibodies to HSV in epidemiological studies. Less