Experimental Study on the deformation properties of cosmic ices.

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The steady-state deformation of partially melted ice in the ammonia-water system was studied by means of a concentric cylinder viscometer in shear stresses, 10 kPa-0.1 MPa, temperatures, 180-210K and NH_3 contents, 4.0-8.4%. The flow law found was of a non-Newtonian power-law type ; the power index was 4.0(〕SY.+-.〔)0.1. The activation energy at constant melt fractions was 33.7(〕SY.+-.〔)0.8kJ/mol, which was close to that of viscosity for aqueous ammonia solutions. The calculated effective viscosity of partially melted ice at 0.1 MPa was 10^7-10^<10> Pa s, which is by ten orders of maguitudes smaller than that of the ammonia-water mixture in a solid phase below a peritectic point, 176 K.