International Trade and Trade Policy under Imperfect Competition

本研究的目的是重新构建国际贸易理论和贸易政策纳入不完全竞争和可变规模收益的因素。关于这一主题已经有大量文献，但其中大多数是在空间均衡分析的框架内发展的，往往对贸易政策得出不可知论的结论，因为“在不完全竞争下，任何事情都可能发生。“我希望尽可能使用一般均衡模型进行调查，并得出明确和明确的结论。本研究的结果可以概括如下：首先，在不完全竞争和规模报酬可变的条件下，构建了国际贸易的一般均衡模型，从而对（a）Ricardo-Mill或Heckscher=Ohlin的国际专业化理论和（B）Graham-Schier的保护性贸易理论进行了扩展和重新考察。其次，笔者以工会在城市工业部门行使垄断权力的开放的二元经济为模型，批判性地反思了曼诺莱斯科=哈根或哈里斯=托达罗的工业保护理论。第三，我还运用局部均衡分析来揭示和检验新的问题，例如，国际销售竞争、技术赶超和产业内贸易。第四，为了给未来的发展做准备，本文构建了一个不完全竞争经济的宏观经济模型，并将传统的最优政策理论扩展到两国框架。

This study aims to reconstruct the theory of international trade and trade policy incorporating elements of imperfect competition and variable returns to scale. There is already a vast literature on this subject but most of them is developed in the framework of patial equilibrium analysis and tend to produce agnostic conclusions about trade policy since "anything can happen under imperfect competition." I endeavored to carry out my investigation using general equilibrium models whenever possible and to derive clear and definitive conclusions. The results of my research may be summarized as follows.First, I developed a general equilibrium model of international trade under imperfect competition and variable returns to scale thereby extending and reexaming (a) the Ricardo-Mill or Heckscher=Ohlin theory of international specialization and (b) the Graham-Ethier theory of protective trade. Secondly, I constracted a model of open dualistic economy where labor union exerts monopoly power in the urban industrial sector to critically reconsider the Manoilesco=Hagen, or Harris=Todaro theory of industrial protection. Thirdly, I also employed partial equilibrium analysis to posit and examine the new problems, e.g., international sales competition, technological overtaking and intra-industry trade. Fourthly, in preparation for future developement, I constructed a macroeconomic model of imperfectly competitive economies and extended the conventional theory of optimal policy to a two-country framework.