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HOW OLDER DRIVERS BEHAVE IN COMPLEX TRAFFIC SITUATIONS?

老年驾驶员在复杂的交通情况下表现如何？

基本信息

批准号：
05451022
负责人：
OTA Hiro
金额：
$ 2.05万
依托单位：
Tohoku Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Our purpose is to make clear how the problems of psychological function of older drivers lead them to perform dangerously at intersections. How can we train and re-educate older drivers regarding perceptual problems? To reach this final aim, we are trying to research the characteristics of older drivers' behavior at intersections, especially to determine what kinds of traffic conflicts they have.In this study we observed, using three video system, drivers' attentive behavior and approved time gaps in an intersection in Sendai, Japan. The intersection was T-shaped without traffic signals. The subjects were from the direction of T's arm and turned to the right (left side traffic). One camera was used to record the subjects' age, sex and head movements when the subject was waiting for a possibility to join the traffic flow. The other two cameras were used to get a complete picture of situation in the intersection. The ages and sexes of drivers on the main road were also recorded.Main findings are as follows :(1) Six traffic conflict patterns could be observed at the concerned intersection concerned. Older drivers especially exhibited traffic conflicts by their inattention to other cars, their slow reaction time and their tendency towards haste.(2) Older drivers' confirmation behavior tends to be insufficient compared with middle-aged drivers, i.e., the number of confirmations did not correspond sharply to changes in traffic volume.(3) Older drivers tend to have risky behavior when they turn right, i.e., the time gap tends to be shorter than that of middle-aged drivers.

我们的目的是弄清楚老年司机的心理功能问题是如何导致他们在十字路口做出危险行为的。我们如何培训和再教育老司机关于感知问题？为了达到这一最终目标，我们试图研究老年驾驶员在十字路口的行为特征，特别是确定他们有什么样的交通冲突。在本研究中，我们使用三种视频系统观察了日本仙台市一个十字路口司机的注意行为和批准的时间间隔。十字路口呈t形，没有交通信号灯。受试者从T臂方向向右转（左侧通行）。其中一台摄像机用来记录受试者在等待可能加入车流时的年龄、性别和头部运动。另外两个摄像头被用来拍摄十字路口的全貌。主要道路上司机的年龄和性别也被记录下来。研究结果表明：(1)该交叉口存在6种交通冲突模式。老年司机在交通冲突中表现得尤为明显，他们对其他车辆的注意力不集中，反应迟钝，而且倾向于匆忙行事。(2)与中年司机相比，老年司机的确认行为趋于不足，即确认次数与交通量变化的对应关系并不明显。(3)老年驾驶员右转时倾向于有危险行为，即时间间隔比中年驾驶员短。