CAI system for diagnostic testing and education of hazard perceptual ability for older drivers

危险感知能力是驾驶员安全驾驶的重要条件。如果驾驶员有足够的危险感知能力，他们就可以预见道路上可能发生的危险情况，并通过对危险更快地做出反应来避免事故。驾驶员在驾驶时必须认识到道路上的各种危险;在汽车前面的可见危险和在道路上停放的汽车后面的隐患。然而，最难识别的危险并不存在于道路上，而是存在于驾驶员自身。错误的自我评价，特别是过度自信，使驾驶员冒险，作者研制的CAI系统，用于危险知觉能力的诊断测试，帮助驾驶员纠正对自己驾驶能力的自我评价。老司机的问题之一是他们倾向于对自己评价过高。尤其是长期安全驾驶的老年驾驶员，往往不愿承认自己心理功能的逐渐退化。正确的自我评价有望引导老年驾驶员成为安全驾驶员，即使他们的心理功能已经恶化。当年长的司机了解自己的弱点时，他们将能够控制自己的行为。作者利用该CAI系统对老年驾驶员进行了实验教育，取得了有效的效果。参加课程的年长司机明白他们的自我评价不一定是正确的，并确定他们自己的安全驾驶任务。

Hazard perceptual ability is important for drivers to safely drive on the roads. Drivers can anticipate dangerous situations which might be happen on the roads and manage to avoid accidents by reacting faster to the hazards if they have enough hazard perceptual ability. There are various kind of dangers which drivers have to recognize on the roads while driving ; visible dangers in front of the car and hidden dangers behind cars parking on the roads. The most difficult danger to recognize, however, does not exist on the roads, but inside drivers themselves. Wrong self-evaluation, especially over confidence makes the driver to take risks.The CAI system was developed by the author for diagnostic testing of hazard perceptual ability and for helping drivers to correct their self-evaluation on their own driving ability. One of the older drivers' problems is that they have tendencies to evaluate themselves too high. Especially older drivers who have been safely driving for a long time tend not to want to recognize their gradual deterioration on psychological functions. The correct self-evaluation is expected to lead older drivers to safe drivers, even though their psychological functions are deteriorated. Older drivers will be able to control their behaviors when they understand their weak points. The author conducted the experimental education for older drivers by using the CAI system and got effective results. The older drivers who participated the classes understood that their self-evaluations were not necessarily right and identify their own tasks for their safe driving.