Analysis of Environmental Factors and Regional Changes of a Mountain Village using a Geographic Information System

在白山山(2,702米)的西侧，石川县曾经坐落着一些孤立的农舍和土地，名为“Dezukuri”，字面意思是远离村庄耕种(永久或季节性)。它们通常位于山坡上，有些位于河流梯田上。他们采用了一种特殊的耕作制度，这种耕作制度基于刀耕火种和轮作，适应了他们恶劣的自然环境。20世纪50年代，当能源革命和高经济增长率在日本开始时，他们的一个基本经济崩溃了(木炭：现金产品的需求减少)。因此，从那时起，许多农民放弃了自己的土地，永久地搬到了邻近的城市。本研究的目的是利用地理信息系统(GIS)，利用叠加法对分布在Shiramine村的Dezukuris人的自然环境进行分析。根据1：5000测点图和航片解译，绘制了地祖鸟分布图，得到322个地祖鸟，总面积为1.39 km2。该图被数字化，并与环境数据叠加，包括高程、坡向、坡度、水系、泥石流分布、地质、土壤、自然植被、森林和伐木路线图。研究发现，德祖库里鸟过去所处的环境是：1)坡度10-25ﾟ，2)坡向，东北-东南，3)海拔，600-900米，4)地质，砾岩-页岩，5)土壤，潮湿的森林棕色，6)植被，山毛榉一般，7)靠近水和伐木路。由于缓慢移动的山体滑坡(泥石流)在山坡上形成了较平缓的斜坡，相当多的德祖库里人位于这些斜坡上。在这一地区，地形因素似乎比植被和地质/土壤更重要。

On the west side of Mt.Hakusan (2,702 m), Ishikawa, used to be located are isolated farm houses and lands called "Dezukuri", which literally means farming away from the village (permanently or seasonally). They are usually located on the hillslope, with some on river terraces. They have employed a special system of farming based on slash and burn with crop rotations, adopted to their harsh natural environment. During the 1950s when the energy revolution and high economic growth rates started in Japan, one of their basic economy collapsed (reduced demands in charcoal : cash products). Consequently, since then a lot of farmers have abandoned their lands and permanently moved into neighboring cities.The purpose of this study is with the overlay method to analyze, utilizing a geographic information system (GIS), the natural environment of the Dezukuris distributed in Shiramine Village. A distribution map of the Dezukuris was produced from 1 : 5000 map on which spot locations of Dezukuris were indicated and from aerial photointerpretation, resulting in 322 dezukuris with a total area of 1.39 km^2. The map was subsequently digitized and overlaid with the environmental data including elevation, slope aspect, slope gradient, drainage network, earth-flow distribution, geology, soil, natural vegetation, silvioulture and logging road map. The environment where a large number of the Dezukuris used to be located is found to be, 1) slope gradient 10-25ﾟ, 2) slope aspect, northeast-southeast, 3) elevation, 600-900 m, 4) geology, conglomerate-shal, 5) soil, wet forest brown, 6) vegetation, beech stands in general, and 7) proximity to water and logging roads. Since slow-moving landslides (earth flow) have produced gentler slopes on the hillslope, quite a few Dezukuris were located on these slopes. It appears that topographic factors were more important than vegetation and geology/soil in this area.