Holocene glacier variation and their mechanism in Patagonia, South America

1998年，从北方巴塔哥尼亚冰原的实地工作中获得了以下结果。对于Soler冰川和Soler河流域Nef冰川的全新世冰川变化研究，终碛的分布和位置表明存在新仙女木期推进（约。10，500 BP）和新冰期II（ca。2000年BP）;然而，这些假设等待碳14和宇宙射线测年的证实。在Soler冰川，冰川流，表面轮廓，应变率进行了测量消融区，沿着水文和气象观测。研究结果表明，基底滑动量占冰川流量的很大一部分。自1986年以来，冰川表面高程下降了42 ± 5 m，年平均减薄率为3.2 ± 5 m。1998年对北方巴塔哥尼亚冰原出口冰川鼻端进行的航空摄影调查显示，冰川变化主要是由于冰川的季节性变化和冰川的季节性变化。 关于我们 1995年，当我最后一次做的时候。所有出口冰川，但一个（圣拉斐尔冰川）被发现在此期间已经退缩。1999年的航空摄影调查揭示了一个非常有趣的现象。圣拉斐尔冰川自1993年以来一直在前进，但在1998年至1999年期间被发现退缩。1999年11 - 12月，在南巴塔哥尼亚冰原廷德尔冰川堆积区进行了冰芯钻探，获得了46 m长的冰芯样品，并对冰芯进行了分析。沿着进行原位观测。在不久的将来，将对冰芯进行详细的化学分析。在佩里托莫雷诺冰川，产犊活动与摄影测量测量和产犊量估计由记录产犊引起的潮汐波。还对该湖进行了水深测量，揭示了冰川前缘附近的深度达80米。测量了乌普萨拉冰川流入的Brazo Upsala的深度，最大深度接近700米。水深资料对于分析冰解活动、冰川动力学和冰川变化之间的关系具有重要意义。少

In 1998, the following results were obtained from field work in the Northern Patagonia Icefield. As for the study of the Holocene glacier variation of Soler Glacier, and Nef glacier in the valley of Soler River, the distribution and location of terminal moraines suggest the existence of the Younger Dryas advance (ca. 10,500 BP) and the Neoglaciation II (ca. 2000 BP) ; however, these suppositions awaits for confirmation by carbon 14 and cosmic ray datings. At Soler Glacier, glacier flow, the surface profile, strain rates were measured at the ablation area, along with hydrological and meteorological observations. Findings include that the amount of the basal slip accounts a large part of the glacier flow. The measurement of the surface profile revealed that the surface elevation decreased by 42 ± 5 m since 1986, with the mean annual thinning rate of 3.2 ± 5 m.Aerial photographic survey in 1998 of snouts of outlet glaciers of the Northern Patagonia Icefield revealed glacier variations sin … More ce 1995 when it was done last time. All outlet glaciers but one (San Rafael Glacier) are found to have retreated during this period. Aerial photographic survey in 1999 disclosed a very interesting phenomenon. San Rafael Glacier, which was only glacier advancing since 1993, was found to have retreated between 1998 and 1999. From this observation, it is postulated that the unusual advance of San Rafael Glacier may no be attributed to the rainfall increase during the early 1970s as supposed before, but may be attributed to fjord topography and glacier dynamics.In November-December 1999, ice drilling was accomplished at the accumulation area of Tyndall Glacier of the Southern Patagonia Icefield, acquiring ice-core samples of 46 m long, along with in situ observation. Detailed chemical analyses of the ice-core will be done in the near future. At Perito Moreno Glacier, Calving activities were measured with photogrammetric measurements and the amount of calving was estimated by recording tidal waves caused by calving. Bathymetric survey of the lake was also done, revealing the depth near the glacier front down to 80 m deep. The depth of Brazo Upsala, into which Upsala Glacier is flowing, was measured, with the maximum depth close to 700 m. Bathymetric data are important to analyze the relationship between calving activities, glacier dynamics and glacier variations. Less