STUDY ON THE DIMINUTION OF PLOWING FORCE BY ELECTRIC - OSMOSIS

在土壤电场的作用下，会发生一系列的电动力学现象，这就是所谓的电渗透。这些现象是土壤水分从阳极到阴极的运动。假设犁等耕作工具在电场作用下在土壤中工作，将耕作工具设置为阴极。当土壤通过阳极带电时，土壤水分会向土壤-工具界面移动，形成一层液体膜。该膜将促进润滑，表明可能减少土-工具摩擦。本研究的目的是通过电渗透的应用，以一种促进润滑的方式减少犁工作中的牵引力。首先，测定了与电渗透有关的土壤电导率。初步观察发现，土壤电导率的变化不仅与土壤类型有关，而且与土壤密度和含水量有关。因此，我们研究了不同类型土壤的电导率与初始密度和含水率的关系。其次，为了研究电渗透对土壤-金属摩擦力的降低作用，在土壤箱中进行了在土壤表面拉动金属滑块的实验。结果表明，当滑动速度为8.6 m/s，电势为30V/cm，含水率为29% （db%）时，摩擦减量达到70%以上。最后，在京都大学农学院附属的Takatuski农场和Takahara牧场进行了田间试验，以测试电渗透对鼹鼠犁牵引力的降低作用。结果表明，在当前流量为1.2A左右，含水率为28.8%时，高摫农场的吃水减少了12%以上。

Under the influence of electric field in the soil, there occurs a whole series of electro-kinetic phenomena, what is called, electro-osmosis. These phenomena are the movement of soil water from the anode to the cathode.Supposed a tillage implement such as plow working in soil under the influence of electric field, the tillage implement is arranged to serve as cathode. When the soil is charged with electricity through anode, soil water will move to soil-tool interface and create a liquid film. This film will promote lubrication, suggesting the possibility of reducing soil-tool friction. The objective of this study is to reduce the draft force in plow working in a manner of poromoting lubrication through the application of electro-osmosis.First, electrical conductivity of soil related to electro-osmosis was measured. It was found in preliminary observation that the value of electical conductivity varied with not only the type of soil, but also depend on density and moisture content. Therefore, we researched the relationship of electrical conductivity against initial density and moisture content of various types of soil.Secondly, to research the reduction of soil-metal friction force by electro-osmosis, experimentation was conducted in soil bin by pulling a metal slider on soil surface. The result was that more than 70% of the friction reduction were achieved at the moisture content 29% (db%) when sliding speed was 8.6 m/s and the electrical potential was 30V/cm.Finally, to test the reduction of draft force in mole-plow through the application of electro-osmosis, field test was done at Takatuski Farm and Takahara Pasture, where were attached to Faculty of Agriculture in Kyoto University. The result was that the draft reduction of more than 12% was achieved at Takatsuki Farm when the current flow was about 1.2A and the moisture content was 28.8%.