Investigations of high-speed avalanche dynamics and Hugoniot of ice by the high-speed impact experiments of snow

通过雪高速撞击实验研究冰的高速雪崩动力学和雨贡尼奥

• 批准号: 05452368
• 负责人: MAENO Norikazu
• 金额: $ 3.14万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05452368/
• 关键词: Avalanche; Snow and Ice; High-speed Impact; Icy Planet; Hugoniot of Ice; 氷のユゴニオ

High-speed impact experiments of snow and ice were conducted in a large cold room maintained at -18ﾟC.A light gas gun was used to impact an ice projectile (15 mm cylinder with a round cap of radius 8 mm) on snow and ice plates. The impact speed was varied between 50 and 600 m/s. Observations of crack growth in the ice target was possible by eliminating reflections from walls. The impact phenomena were photographed with an image-converter camera at 200,000 and 500,000 frames per second. The lighting system used was Schlieren and shadow photograpy.From the photographic observations, the following results were obtained. In the impact experiment between an ice projectile and ice plate, cracks developed semicircularly, and the propagation velocity of craks amounted to roughly 3 km/s when the impact speed was 139 m/s. The propagation velocity varies between 2.1 and 4.0 km/s at the impact speed of 139-528 m/s.In the high-speed impact experiments between an ice projectile and snow paltes (thickness of 3,5,10,20,30 mm and porosity of 15 and 30%), it was found that the free surface particle velocity decreased with distance and that of snow was larger than that of ice at the same impact velocity.

在-18 ° C的大型冷室中进行了冰雪高速撞击实验，用轻气炮将直径为15 mm的冰弹（带半径为8 mm的圆帽）撞击在冰雪板上。冲击速度在50和600 m/s之间变化。通过消除来自墙壁的反射，可以观察冰目标中的裂纹扩展。撞击现象是用图像转换照相机以每秒200 000和500 000帧的速度拍摄的。所用的照明系统是纹影摄影和阴影摄影。在冰弹与冰板的碰撞实验中，裂纹的扩展速度较快，当碰撞速度为139 m/s时，裂纹的扩展速度约为3 km/s。在139-528 m/s的撞击速度范围内，冰弹的传播速度在2.1 - 4.0 km/s之间变化（厚度为3、5、10、20、30 mm，孔隙率为15%和30%），结果表明，自由表面质点速度随距离的增加而减小，在相同的撞击速度下，雪的自由表面质点速度大于冰的自由表面质点速度。

项目成果

Higa,M.: "Impact experiments of ice spheres on an ice block:First report." Proc.26th ISAS Lunar and Planetary Symp.26. 141-144 (1993)

Higa,M.：“冰球对冰块的撞击实验：第一份报告。”

Sugiyama,H.: "High-speed gas-particle flows past circular and elliptic cylinders." SME-KSME Fluid Eng.Conf.397-401 (1994)

Sugiyama, H.：“高速气体粒子流过圆形和椭圆形圆柱体。”

杉山 弘: "LDVによる超音波乱流混合層の測定" 日本機械学会論文集. 60. 2731-2736 (1994)

Hiroshi Sugiyama：“使用 LDV 测量超声波湍流混合层”，日本机械工程师学会汇刊 60. 2731-2736 (1994)。

Arakawa, M.: "Direct observations of the crack propagation in the collisional disruptions of ice." Proc.26th ISAS Lunar and Planetary Symp.26. 137-140 (1993)

Arakawa, M.：“直接观察冰碰撞破裂中的裂纹扩展。”

Higa, M.: "Impact experiments of ice spheres on an ice block : First report." Proc.26th ISAS Lunar and Planetary Symp.26. 141-144 (1993)

Higa, M.：“冰球对冰块的撞击实验：第一份报告。”