权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Study on the artificial control od snow on roads

道路积雪人工治理研究

基本信息

批准号：
61460169
负责人：
MAENO Norikazu
金额：
$ 2.43万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61460169/
关键词：
Snow Ice Road snow Road ice 路面雪氷路面凍結日射量アルベド

项目摘要

The proper control and maintenance of traffic roads in winter seasons in snowy areas can be accomplished only on the base od enough knowledge of physical properties of snow and ice on roads. However, even the classification, structures and properties of snow and ice have not been investigated in detail. This study was aimed at measuring systematically the structures and physical properties and proposing a new classification of snow and ice on roads; the main items of investigation are structures, physical properties, disappearing process, and heat balance. Obtained results are as follows1)The structures and physical properties of snow and ice on roads are strongly affected not only by meteorolgical conditions but also by artificial effects such as passing vehicles and snow removal; therefore the structures and properties are variable as the time and local points2)Snow and ice on roads are classified into seven types: new-snow, compacted-snow, powder-snow, grain-snow, slush, ice-crust, and ice-film. Then each of the five types except the powder-snow and slush, is divided into two subtupes; dry and wet. In addition the dry compacted-snow was subdibided into soft and hard ones. In total snow and ice on roads are classified into 13 types3)Dry new snow on roads is quickly densified into compacted-snow, the maximum density of which is from 500 to 550 kg/m^34)Hard compacted-snow(600-800 kg/m^3) and ice-crusts are often formed when melt water of the surface of road snow penetrates and refreezes in it5)The heat balance on the surface of snow on roads is colsely related to the melt and ablation process. The present study showed that the net radiation and surface albedo are the most important components to determine the heat blance both the contamination by vehicles and reflectance change due to melting increase the ablation and melt of snow, which is the main cause of the formation of ruts.

只有充分了解道路冰雪物理特性，才能正确控制和维护雪区冬季交通道路。然而，连雪和冰的分类、结构和性质也没有得到详细研究。这项研究的目的是系统地测量道路上的冰雪的结构和物理特性，并提出一种新的分类方法；研究的主要项目是结构、物理性质、消失过程和热平衡。得到的结果如下：1）道路冰雪的结构和物理性质不仅受气象条件的强烈影响，而且还受到过往车辆、除雪等人为作用的影响； 2)道路上的冰雪分为新雪、压实雪、粉雪、粒雪、雪泥、冰壳、冰膜七种类型。然后，除粉雪和雪泥之外的五种类型中的每一种又分为两个亚型；干和湿。此外，干燥的压实雪被细分为软雪和硬雪。道路上的冰雪总量分为13种3）道路上干燥的新雪迅速致密化为压实雪，其最大密度为500至550 kg/m^34）硬压实雪（600至800 kg/m^3），道路雪表面融水渗透并重新冻结时常形成冰壳5）道路雪表面的热平衡与熔化和烧蚀过程密切相关。目前的研究表明，净辐射和地表反照率是决定热平衡的最重要组成部分，车辆污染和融化引起的反射率变化增加了积雪的烧蚀和融化，这是形成车辙的主要原因。