Measurement of interaction forces between colloids using AFM,and Clustering and ordering behavior.

首先，在空气或水溶液中的不同条件下，云母表面和一些胶体颗粒（二氧化硅，乳胶和囊泡颗粒）之间的相互作用通过原子力显微镜（Nano Scope II ; Digital Instruments）进行了研究。通过将一滴分散体放置在基底上，将颗粒单层膜浇铸到裂开的云母表面上。每种分散体都形成了清晰的六方膜，但二氧化硅颗粒的轮廓比胶乳颗粒的轮廓清晰。乳胶膜的峰-峰距离小于单个粒子的直径。其次，利用原子力显微镜测量了云母表面与球形胶体在不同盐溶液中的相互作用力。颗粒，半径为20 μ m的二氧化硅球，连接到力传感器在显微镜和力-距离曲线被确定为样品位移的函数。根据D.L.V.O.理论预测，在大分离度下，测得的力呈指数衰减，衰减长度和静电势均随KCl浓度的增加而减小.此外，通过测量界面张力和本体中的粒径分布，考察了油/水或空气/水界面与某些胶体颗粒（乳胶和囊泡颗粒）之间的相互作用.此外，通过测量薄膜的分层过程和表面压力-面积（pi-A）或膜厚-面积（d-A）曲线，研究了这些球形颗粒在水膜内和干净汞表面上的相互作用。

Firstly, interaction between the mica surface and the some colloid particles (silica, latex and vesicle particles) were studied by the Atomic Force Microscope (Nano Scope II ; Digital Instruments) under the different conditions in air or aqueous solution. Particle monolayr fillms were cast onto fleshly cleaved mica surface by placing a drop of the dispersion onto the substrate. Every dispersions formed a clearly packed hexagonal film, but the contours of silica particles were clearer than those of latex particles. The peak-to peak distances of latex films were shorter than the diameter of the single particle. If the mica surface was uneven, there was a vacant space and an ordering array pararell to the mica-wall.Secondary, the forces between a mica surface and a spherical colloids were measured in the different salt solutions by use of the Atomic Force Microscope. The particle, a silica sphere of radius 20 mum, was attached to the force senser in the microscopy and force-distance curves were determined as a function of sample displacement. As predicted by D.L.V.O.theory, the measured forces decay exponentially at large separation, and both the decay length and electrostatic potential decrease with increasing KCl concentration.In addition, examination was made on the interaction between an oil/water or air/water interface and some kind of colloid particles (latex and vesicle particles) by measuring interfacial tensition and particle size distribution in the bulk. Furthermore, interactions between these spherical particlcs were studied inside the thinning aqueous film and on a clean mercury surface by measurfing the stratification process of these film and the surface pressure-area (pi-A) or film thickness-area (d-A) curves.