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Molecualr and Developmental Studies on Genetic Control for Sexual Differentiation in Birds

鸟类性别分化遗传控制的分子和发育研究

基本信息

批准号：
05454118
负责人：
WAKASUGI Noburo
金额：
$ 3.97万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05454118/
关键词：
bird sexual defferentiation molecular genetics developmental genetics sex chromosome gonad sex steroid hormone P450 aromatase 生殖腺移植

项目摘要

We investigated the following subjects in order to elucidate genetic factors that control sexual differentiation in birds ; 1) research for genes related to sexual differentiation on sex chromosome, 2) gene expression of sex steroid hormones and metabolic enzymes, 3) mechanism of alternative development of female gonads.1) We did not get satisfactory results about searching genes on sex chromosome in this research period, because no DNA bands were detected in chickens and quails by hydridization analysis with probes of the Sry gene in mice and W chromosome specific DNA in chickens, respectively. 2) The onsent and localization of P450 aromatase (P450arom) mRNA expression were studied in the gonad of chickens. Levels of P450arom mRNA in the left ovary were invariably higher than those of the right ovary and testis throughout the period between day 10 incubation and 7 days of posthatching. In situ hybridization analysis showed the first detection of P450arom at day 6.5 of incubation in the female gonad. These results suggest that expression of P450arom mRNA occurring in the genetic female gonad around day 6 is associated with sexual differentiation toward femaleness by increasing estrogen production which may promote cellular proliferation of the left gonad. 3) In the study on gonadal differentiation we used the double-oviduct line of the chicken. This line develops and retains the right oviduct throughout its life while it is degenerated before hatching in normal chickens. We observed the right oviduct of this line in order of age and found the variation of developmental degree of the right oviduct within the line. The pair-mating experiment suggests that genetic effect of sire (whose phenotype concerned with the double-oviduct is not detectable) is sufficiently high. We intend to proceed with the genetical analysis of the double-oviduct gene and examine the mechanism of development/degeneration of the right gonad.

为了阐明控制鸟类性别分化的遗传因素，我们研究了以下课题：1）性染色体上与性分化相关基因的研究，2）性类固醇激素和代谢酶基因的表达，3）雌性性腺交替发育机制的研究。1）性染色体上基因的寻找在本研究期间没有得到令人满意的结果，用小鼠Sry基因探针和鸡W染色体特异DNA探针分别进行杂交分析，均未在鸡和鹌鹑中检测到DNA条带。2)研究了P450芳香化酶（P450 arom）mRNA在鸡性腺中的表达和定位。从孵化第10天到孵化后第7天，左侧卵巢中P450 arom mRNA的表达水平始终高于右侧卵巢和睾丸。原位杂交分析表明，P450 arom的第一次检测到在第6.5天的孵化在雌性性腺。这些结果表明，P450 arom mRNA的表达发生在遗传雌性性腺中的第6天左右，与性别分化向女性通过增加雌激素的产生，这可能会促进细胞增殖的左侧性腺。3)在性腺分化的研究中，我们采用了鸡的双输卵管系。该品系在其整个生命中发育并保留右输卵管，而在正常鸡中在孵化前退化。对该品系的右输卵管按日龄顺序进行了观察，发现了右输卵管发育程度在品系内的变化。配对交配试验表明，与双输卵管有关的表型未检测到的公畜的遗传效应足够高。我们打算继续进行双输卵管基因的遗传分析，并检查右性腺发育/退化的机制。