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The Understanding of Natural Environment in Early Modern British Agriculture

英国现代早期农业对自然环境的认识

基本信息

批准号：
05630044
负责人：
KUNIKATA Keiji
金额：
$ 0.83万
依托单位：
Yamagata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Thomas Davis's General View of the Agriculture of the County of Wilts. (London, 1794) has been scarecely given attention, but I think it is worth noticing. He accurately descibed the differences of regional divisons agriculturally. In this point, his understanding of natural environment is more keen than that of Arthur Young. I have derived other aspects from Thomas's reports, which are quite different from the traditional unduerstanding of the contemporay agriculture.I investigated the relationships between Locke's theory of property and American puritan's theory of landed property. I have arrived at the conculusions as follow. (1) John Locke has been evaluated to be the first political theorist who expounded the labor theory of property. However, I think that his labor theory is subject to the influence of the theory of landed property rights expounded by American puritans, in particular John Winthrop. For example, in his General Observations, Winthrop said, "at Dotham and all other places men accounted nothing their owne, but that which they had appropriated by their own industry...." (2) There is the controversy between James Tully and Neal Wood on the nature of a servant in the turfs passage of chapter 5 of the Second Treatise. But I think that the controversy is irrelevant to the intention of Locke. In the turfs passage he was demonstrating the labor theory of property, which means that man's entitlement to property depends on mixing his labor with the raw stuff of nature, and on this stage he had not introduced the money in his argument yet, Therefore, my conclusion is that Locke's servant appeared in the turfs passage only as a member of master's family.

托马斯·戴维斯对威尔茨县农业的总体看法。（伦敦，1794）很少受到关注，但我认为值得注意。他在农业上准确地描述了地区划分的差异。在这一点上，他对自然环境的理解比阿瑟·杨更为敏锐。我从托马斯的报告中得出了其他方面，这些方面与对当代农业的传统理解有很大的不同。笔者考察了洛克的财产理论与美国清教徒的土地所有权理论之间的关系。我得出的结论如下。(1)约翰·洛克被评价为第一个阐述财产劳动理论的政治理论家。但是，我认为他的劳动理论受到了美国清教徒，特别是约翰·温斯洛普所阐述的土地产权理论的影响。例如，温斯洛普在他的《一般观察》中说，“在多瑟姆和所有其他地方，人们不把自己的东西算作自己的，只把他们自己勤劳所得的东西算作....”(2)在《政府论第二篇》第五章的草皮段落中，詹姆斯·塔利和尼尔·伍德对仆人的本质存在争议。但是我认为争论与洛克的意图无关。在《草皮》段落中，他展示的是财产的劳动理论，即人对财产的权利取决于他的劳动与自然原料的混合，在这个阶段，他还没有在他的论点中引入货币，因此，我的结论是洛克的仆人在《草皮》段落中只是作为主人家庭的一员出现的。