Measurement and control of organohalogen compounds in waste incineration.

采用溶剂萃取法、紫外光分解法和离子色谱法测定总有机氯（TOCl）和总有机溴（TOBr）。在异丙醇溶液中加入氢氧化钠后，有机化合物上的卤原子通过紫外光分解转化为卤离子。用离子色谱法测定了卤离子的转化率，并用模型化合物对该方法进行了评价，大部分卤离子都可以回收。测定了垃圾焚烧飞灰中TOCl和TOBr的浓度，以及流化床焚烧炉烟气中TOCl的浓度，研究了在模拟垃圾中添加CaCO_3和二次燃烧室喷氨对酸性气体浓度的影响采用实验室规模的流化床焚烧炉对烟气中的HCl和SOx、氮氧化物、氯苯和氯酚进行了研究。当固体废物中Ca/Cl_2摩尔比大于2时，二次燃烧室温度为800 ℃时，烟气中HCl和SOx的脱除率分别为95%和100%，当Ca/Cl_2摩尔比为3时，CBz和CPh的脱除率分别为30%和50%左右。添加CaCO_3后，烟气中NOx浓度反而增加。通过喷氨，NH_3/NO摩尔比为1，烟气中NOx浓度降低到70%。当NH_3/NO摩尔比为3时，与未喷氨时相比，CBz降低了50%。

To measure the total organic chlorine (TOCl) and the total organic bromine (TOBr), solvent extraction, UV-photolysis and ion chromatography (IC) were employed. Halogen atoms bonded to organic compound were converted to halogen ions by UV-photolysis after adding the sodium hydroxide in 2-propanol solution. The converted halogen ions were measured by IC.By using the model organohalogen compounds, this method was evaluated, and most of the halogen ions bonded to model compounds can be recovered. The concentrations of TOCl and TOBr in fly ash from solid waste incineration plants, and the concentration of TOCl in flue gas from a laboratory scale fluidized bed incinerator were determined.Effects of CaCO_3 addition to an artificial solid waste and ammonia injection to secondary combustion chamber on the concentrations of acid gases (HCl and SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), chlorobenzens (CBzs) and chlorophenols (CPhs) in flue gas were investigated using the laboratory scale fluidized bed incinerator. When Ca/Cl_2 mole ratio in solid waste was higher than two, 95% of HCl and 100% of SOx were eliminated from flue gas at secondary chamber temperature 800ﾟC.CBzs and CPhs were reduced to about 30% and 50% respectively at Ca/Cl_2 mole ratio three. NOx concentration in flue gas however increased by CaCO_3 addition. By ammonia injection, NH_3/NO mole ratio one, NOx concentration in flue gas was reduced to 70%. At NH_3/NO mole ratio three, CBzs were reduced to 50% compared to that without ammonia injection.