Soziale Identität in Agentenbasierten Modellen (SIAM)

计算社会科学，包括社会模拟，是一个快速发展的范式，允许各种复杂的社会理论形式化。然而，成熟的社会模拟社区正面临着开发模型开发标准和方法的挑战，包括如何在建模人类行为时选择和实施行为理论。虽然已经开发了abm文档的标准，并且存在模型交换平台，但是社区才刚刚开始解决开发一套形式化理论的挑战，这些理论适用于对人类行为进行建模的各种情况。选择如何在模型中表示人类行为是至关重要的，因为细微的不同假设可能导致非常不同的结果。在形式化人类行为和决策时，一个特别的需要是社会背景的重要性——代表人们在特定的背景和社会-物理情况下如何决定做什么。这里困难的部分原因是，这取决于个人身份与他们所处的社会环境之间的复杂关系。SIAM的目的是促进形成一个广泛适用的社会心理学理论，将社会背景-社会认同方法-用于基于主体的模型（ABMs）。社会认同方法（SIA）是社会认同理论（Tajfel & Turner, 1979）和自我分类理论（Turner et al., 1987）的结合。SIA提出，人们的自我概念很大一部分来自于他们所属的社会群体，社会认同是集体行为的基本基础。SIA研究个体如何以及何时作为群体成员而不是作为个体来感受、思考和行动。我们的目标是建立这种方法的基本形式化，以适应不同的情况和反弹道导弹。为此，SIAM包括使用和推进SIA的建模师和社会和环境心理学家。我们希望一起构建SIA的基本部分的形式化模型——或者标准化的SIA部分套件（如标识或显著性计算），并使其公开可用（连同完整的文档一起）。我们确信，适用于不同案例和情况的SIA的形式化，并且满足对更形式化参与者模型的需求是可以实现的。为行为者产生替代的社会认知模型将鼓励社会科学建模者考虑这些新的、社会的选择，而不仅仅是默认的选择（例如，理性行为者模型）。综上所述，SIAM将使用社会认同理论（基于我们已经进行的初步审查）编写一篇关于ABMs的综述论文；ii) SIA的概念模型（集）形式化；以及iii)在2021年社交模拟会议上讨论我们的结果的研讨会。

Computational social sciences, including social simulation, is a fast growing paradigm allowing a variety of complex social theory to be formalised. However, the maturing social simulation community is facing the challenge of developing standards and methods for model development, including how to pick and implement behavioural theories when modelling human behaviour. While standards for the documentation of ABMs are developed and platforms for model exchange exists, the community is only starting to address the challenge of developing a set of formalized theories suitable for application to the diverse situations in which human behaviour is modelled. Choosing how to represent human behaviour in a model is critical, as subtly different assumptions can result in very different outcomes. One particular need when formalising human behaviour and decision-making is the significance of social context – representing how people might decide what to do within a specific context and social-physical situation. Part of the reason for the difficulty here is that this depends upon the complex relationship between the individual’s identity and the social situation they inhabit. The purpose of SIAM is to contribute towards formalising a widely applicable social-psychological theory incorporating social context – the social identity approach – for the use in agent-based models (ABMs). The Social Identity approach (SIA) refers to the combination of Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and Self-Categorization Theory (Turner et al., 1987). SIA proposes that people derive a significant part of their concept of self from the social groups they belong to and that social identification is a fundamental basis for collective behaviour. SIA investigates how and when individuals come to feel, think and act as members of a group rather than as individuals. Our aim is to build a basic formalisation of this approach that is adaptable to different situations and ABMs. To this end, SIAM comprises both modellers and social and environmental psychologists that use and advance SIA. Together we want to build a formalized model of the essential parts of SIA – or suite of standardized SIA parts (such as identity or salience calculation) and make this publically available (together with a throughout documentation). We are convinced that a formalisation of SIA that is applicable for different cases and situations and that meets the need for more formalized actor models is achievable. Producing alternative socio-cognitive models for actors will encourage social science modellers to consider these new, social, options and so not only the default ones (e.g., the rational actor model). In summary, SIAM will produce i) a review paper of ABMs using the social identity theory (building upon a preliminary review we have already conducted); ii) a conceptual model (set) formalization of SIA; and iii) a workshop at the Social Simulation Conference 2021 discussing our results.