STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RIPARIAN ZONE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR JAPANESE RIVER MANAGEMENT

河岸带的结构和功能及其对日本河流管理的影响

• 批准号: 05660152
• 负责人: NAKAMURA Futoshi
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05660152/
• 关键词: Riparian zone; Riparian forest structure; Ecological function; Shading; Litter falling; Coarse woody debris; River environment; flood control; 撹乱; 河畔ゾーン

This report describes the ecological structure and function of riparian zone which vary with spatial scale. The riparian zone consists of valley floor landform and riparian vegetation. The functions discussed are attenuation of sunlight energy, input of leaves and needles, contribution of woody debris to streams, and retention of flowing material out of transport. These primary functions directly or indirectly influence water and sediment qualities of streams, bars and floodplains. Shading provided by tree crowns over the stream strongly influences water temperature and primary production in lotic ecosystems. Litter falling into streams is a critical food resource for stream organisms, especially in forested headwater streams. Coarse woody debris supplied from hillslopes and floodplains create storage sites for organic and inorganic matters and enhance habitat diversity for aquatic biota. Moreover, stems and roots of riparian vegetation comb inorganic and organic matter transported from upstream, increasing the soil nutrients of floodplain deposits. Variation in valley floor width plays an important role in retaining materials transported in stream water by increaxing hydraulic and geomorphic complesity. Generally, these functions diminish with an increase in watershed area although some functions are kept in floodplains of large rivers. The main reason for this longitudinal variation is due to changes in the relative size of riparian trees and the stream channel. The new river management policy should emphasize the ecological functions of the riparian zone. Finally, the authors proposes river restoration planning by preserving or creating landscape elements based on the concepts of sustaining physical and ecological linkages.

本文描述了河岸带的生态结构和功能随空间尺度的变化。河岸带由谷底地貌和河岸植被组成。所讨论的功能是衰减的阳光能量，输入的树叶和针叶，树木残体流的贡献，并保留流动的材料运输。这些主要功能直接或间接地影响河流、沙洲和洪泛区的水和沉积物质量。在溪流上方，树冠提供的遮荫强烈地影响着溪流生态系统的水温和初级生产力。凋落物落入溪流是溪流生物的重要食物来源，特别是在森林覆盖的源头溪流中。来自山坡和洪泛平原的粗木质残体为有机和无机物质提供了储存场所，并增强了水生生物群生境的多样性。此外，河岸植被的茎和根梳理无机和有机质从上游运来，增加了土壤养分的河漫滩沉积。谷底宽度的变化通过增加水力和地貌的复杂性，对河流中搬运的物质起着重要的截留作用。一般来说，这些功能随着流域面积的增加而减少，尽管一些功能在大型河流的洪泛区保持不变。这种纵向变化的主要原因是由于河岸树木和河道的相对大小的变化。新的河流管理政策应强调河岸带的生态功能。最后，作者提出了河流恢复规划，保护或创造景观要素的基础上，维持物理和生态联系的概念。

项目成果

Nakamura,F.: "Structure and function of riparian zone and implication for Japanese river management" Transactions Jpn.Geomorphological Union. (発表予定).

Nakamura, F.：“河岸带的结构和功能以及对日本河流管理的影响”，《地貌联盟》（待出版）。

Ito, A.and Nakamura, F.: "A study on diversity and total management of natural resources from the perspective of land conservation" J.Jpn.For.Soc.76. 160-171 (1994)

Ito, A. 和 Nakamura, F.：“从土地保护的角度研究自然资源的多样性和总体管理”J.Jpn.For.Soc.76。

伊藤哲・中村太士: "地表変動に伴う森林群集の撹乱様式と更新機能" 森林立地学会誌. 36. (1995)

Tetsu Ito 和 Taishi Nakamura：“与地表变化相关的森林群落的干扰类型和更新功能”，《森林定位协会杂志》36。（1995 年）。

菊池俊一・山田拓也: "1992年豪雨による沙流川河畔林の破壊と再生状況" 日本林学会北海道支部論文集. 42. (1994)

Shunichi Kikuchi 和 Takuy​​a Yamada：“1992 年大雨造成的沙留河河岸森林的破坏和再生状况”，日本林业学会北海道分会论文集 42。（1994 年）。

伊藤 哲・中村太士: "地表変動に伴う森林群集の撹乱様式と更新機構" 森林立地. 36. 31-40 (1994)

Tetsu Ito 和 Taishi Nakamura：“与地表变化相关的森林群落的扰动类型和更新机制”《Forest Location》36. 31-40 (1994)。