Studies on the optimization of timber harvesting systems with highly mechanized forestry machines

本研究项目的目的是提供一些关于日本山区森林组织良好的木材采伐技术的基本资料，这种采伐技术将通过森林路网和高度机械化的林业机械（如移动塔式采伐机、采伐机、加工机和货代机）相结合设计的作业系统的优化而发展。根据应用表格的研究计划进行年度研究，得到以下结果：在坡度超过25度左右的陡坡地形条件下，以下采收系统在生产率、成本和环境安全方面优于现有采收作业；用链锯伐木，用移动塔式堆垛机采伐，用处理机扣压，在着陆点用安装了吊斗起重机的原木装载机进行原木准备和装载，用伐木车进行运输。在25度以下的中等坡度地形条件下，以下两种采收系统在生产率、成本和环境安全操作实践方面比现有采收系统更具优势；(1)用集木机采伐，用撬木机采伐，用处理机进行压实，在登陆点用装有吊斗起重机的原木装载机进行原木准备和装载，用伐木车进行运输。（二）用采伐机采伐，用货代采伐，用采伐车运输。一般来说，前者适用于大规模采收，后者适用于小规模采收。结合森林道路布局及其密度要求，研究了日本山地森林等陡坡地形条件下被认为是低冲击采伐机械的移动塔码机的最佳作业系统建模。讨论了与林业机械高度机械化相适应的林道结构标准，并提出了改进标准的建议。少

The purpose of this research project is to provide some basic information on well-organized timber harvesting technology for mountainous forests in Japan, which would develop through the optimization of operational system designed by the combination of forest road network and highly mechanized forestry machines, such as a mobile tower yarber, a harvester, a processor and a forwarder. An annual research was performed according to the research plan of application forms and the following results were obtained.1.In case of steep slope terrain conditions that exceed about 25 degree, the following harvesting system is superior in productivity, cost and environmentally safety operational practice to the existing harvesting operations ; felling with chainsaws, extraction with a mobile tower yarder, bucking with a processor, logs-preparation and loading at landing places with a log-loader mounted a grapple crane, and transportation with logging trucks.2.In case of moderate slope terrain conditi … More ons under 25 degree, the following two types of harvesting systems are especially superior in productivity, cost and environmentally safety operational practice to the existing harvesting operations ; (1) felling with a feller buncher, extraction with skidders, bucking with a processor, logs-preparation and loading at landing places with a log-loader mounted a grapple crane, and transportation with logging trucks. (2) felling and bucking with a harvester, logging with a forwarder, and transportation with logging trucks. As a general rule, the former is suitable for a large-scaled harvesting practice and the latter for a small-scaled harvesting practice.3.Modeling of the optimum operational system for a mobile tower yarder which is considered to be low-impact harvesting machines under steep slope terrain conditions, such mountainous forests as Japan, was studied in combination with forest road layout and its density require. The structural standards of forest roadsd corresponding to highly mechanized forestry machines were also discussed and some suggestions for standard improvement were finally proposed. Less