Developmennt of Distributed Runoff Model included Land-Use Pattern in a Drainage Basin

本文讨论了一种用于洪水分析的径流模型，该模型旨在分析考虑流域土地利用格局特征的径流现象。得到以下结果：1)将运动波径流模型与LST-II模型（The Long and Short Terms runoff model; Kadoya， M.and A.Magai, 1988）相结合，建立了径流模型，称为KiWS模型（Kinematic Wave Storage model）。2) KiWS模型自动计算地表径流和（或）瞬时次地表径流中涉及的有效降雨。3)坡面和（或）场平面上的雨水流和水系网中的水流的常规相用运动波模型表示。其中，有效降水序列作为输入条件对应于各流域块的土地利用情况。4)通过考虑流域发展影响的径流模拟，表明KiWS模型有望作为一种实用的模型应用于多土地利用流域的径流分析。5)提出了一种改进的径流分析方法，并对LST-II模型在分布型流域模型中的应用进行了检验。结果表明，改进后的LST-II模型可用于部分发达或城市化地区的流域山洪预报。6)在洪水常规系统中，延迟降雨序列作为LST-II模型的输入条件。结果表明，改进后的方法比原方法的重现性提高了10%左右。

This study discusses a runoff model for flood analysis, in which is aimed to analyze a runoff phenomena considering the chracteristics of land-use pattern in a drainage basin. The following results are obtained :1) The runoff model, which is named KiWS Model (Kinematic Wave Storage Model), iscombied kinematic wave runoff model with LST-II Model (the Long and Short Terms Runoff Model ; Kadoya, M.and A.Magai, 1988). Namely, the upper zone of the model is composed by kinematic wave model and the lower zone of one is the same with the LST-II Model.2) The effctive rainfall concerned in the surface runoff and/or prompt subsurface runoff is automatically computed in KiWS Model.3) The routine phases of rainwater flow on hillslope and/or field plane and stream flow in stream network are expressed by the kinematic wave model, in which the effective rainfall series are given as input condition corresponding to land-use of each basin block.4) By a runoff simulation considering the effects of basin development, it is shown that the KiWS Model is expected to apply as a practical model to runoff analysis for for multiple land-use basin.5) A modified method of runoff analysis is proposed and examined to apply the LST-II Model to the distributed type of basin model. And it is shown that the modified LST-II Model can be possible to utilize the flash flood forecasting in the basin involved partial developed and/or urbanized area.6) In the flood routine system, the delayd rainfall sequence is used as input condition to the LST-II Model. And it is shown that the reproducibility of observed hydrograph is improved about 10% by the modified method than the original one.