Representation of Numerical Basin Model in the Rural and Mountainous Region by Image Processing and Its Application to Forecasting of Flood Runoff

农村山区流域数值模型的图像处理及其在洪水径流预报中的应用

• 批准号: 08456118
• 负责人: FUKUSHIMA Akira
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Shimane University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08456118/
• 关键词: flood runoff analysis; runoff model; hydrological cycle; paddy filed watershed; circular irrigation; image processing; rain water percolation; macropore; 循環灌漑; 森林土壌; 可視化

The study purposes to provide an application of topographic information in watershed to the forecast of runoff through the computer workstation. Especially, a discussion is developed on setting the viewpoint at moutainous rural area in San-in district. The results are as follows : 1.(1) Modified runoff models based on the long and short term runoff model or the lumped KiWS model were proposed for the analysis considering the effect of basin topography and distribution of impermeable area. (2) Runoff calculation system was constructed, by using UNIX workstation, to cany out a series of analysis including data input ; runoff analysis ; and output of hydrographs. 2. (1) The behavior of hydrological water balance and mass balance of pollutant were mesured in a paddy field watershed, where a circular irrigation system is implemented. The contribution of the water drawn from extra area and circulation, the mass balance of pollutants and sediment to the improvement of river basin environment was considered. (2) The hydrological properties were evaluated in the experimental lysimeters. As a result, the amount of percolation water amounted for 60% of precipitation and the surface runoff occurred after the cumulated precipitation reached a certain degree. 3. (1) Soft X-ray radiography of water flow in undisturbed paddy soils, upland field soils and forest soils were carried out. Vertical, independent root channels in paddy soils and networked root channels in upland fields conduct the water flow, On the other hand, interaggregate macropore flow has been observed in forest soils. Resultant Reynolds number for paddy field and upland field soils showed 50-80, which indicated macropore flow was in a transition region from laminar to turbulent.

本研究旨在通过计算机工作站将流域地形信息应用于径流预报。特别对三仁山区农村视点的设置进行了探讨。研究结果如下：1。(1)考虑流域地形和不透水面积分布的影响，提出了基于长期和短期径流模型或集总KiWS模型的修正径流模型进行分析。(2)利用UNIX工作站构建径流计算系统，完成包括数据输入在内的一系列分析；径流分析；和输出的水文曲线。2. (1)测量了水田流域循环灌溉系统的水文水量平衡和污染物质量平衡行为。考虑了额外面积和循环引水量、污染物和沉积物的质量平衡对流域环境改善的贡献。(2)利用实验渗渗仪对其水文特性进行了评价。因此，渗漏水量占降水量的60%，地表径流发生在累积降水达到一定程度后。3. (1)对原状水田土、旱田土和森林土进行了水流量软x射线成像。在水稻土中，垂直的、独立的根通道和旱田中网络化的根通道引导着水的流动，而在森林土壤中，则观察到团聚体间的大孔流动。水田和旱田土壤的合成雷诺数为50 ~ 80，表明大孔流动处于层流到湍流的过渡区。

项目成果

Takeda, I., A.Fukushima and Y.Mori: "Non-point pollutant reduction in a paddy-field watershied using a circular irrigation system" Water Research. 31. 2685-2692 (1997)

Takeda, I.、A.Fukushima 和 Y.Mori：“使用循环灌溉系统减少稻田水流中的非点污染物”水研究。

Narimatsu, Y., I.Takeda, A.Fukushima and Y.Mori: "Surface runoff of phosphorus and COD contents from upland fields (in Japanese with English abstract)" Trans.of JSIDRE. No.198. 921-927 (1998)

Narimatsu, Y., I.Takeda, A.Fukushima 和 Y.Mori：“来自高地的磷和 COD 含量的地表径流（日文，英文摘要）”Trans.of JSIDRE。

武田育郎・福島 晟: "斐伊川から宍道湖へ流出する汚濁負荷量の推定" LAGUNA. No.3. 91-96 (1996)

Ikuro Takeda 和 Akira Fukushima：“从日井河流向宍道湖的污染负荷量的估算”LAGUNA No.3 (1996)。

Takeda,I.,Fukushima,A.,and Tanaka,R.: "Non-point pollutant reduction in a paddy field watershed using a circular irrigation system" Water Research. 31(発表予定). (1997)

Takeda, I.、Fukushima, A. 和 Tanaka, R.：“使用循环灌溉系统减少稻田流域的非点污染物”，水研究 31（待出版）。

福島 晟・武田育郎・森 也寸志: "不浸透面積率を考慮した長短期流出両用モデルによる流出解析" 島根大学生物資源科学部研究報告. 1号. 51-56 (1996)

Akira Fukushima、Ikuro Takeda、Yasushi Mori：“考虑不透水面积比的双用长期和短期径流模型的径流分析”岛根大学生物资源科学研究报告第 1. 51-56 号（1996 年）。