Considerations of Dental Health Care gor Aged People. The effect of hyposalivation on the oral environment and masticatory efficiency.

1)以6名青年成人为研究对象，考察了低盐分对食物咀嚼时间和吞咽时食物丸含水量的影响。选择米饭、炊具、香肠等食物，用0.5 mg硫酸阿托品诱导低盐度。唾液量的测定方法是，在受试者正常咀嚼食物后，用食物丸的初始重量减去食物丸的初始重量，然后将食物吐到一个称重的容器中，不吞下。服用硫酸阿托品60min后，唾液流速较正常流速下降约50%。当唾液流量减少时，咀嚼每口食物的时间明显长于正常时（43-60%）。但咀嚼后各食物丸的含水量无显著差异。由此可见，唾液流量是咀嚼效率的重要组成部分。为了研究低唾液含量对牙菌斑积累的影响，研究人员要求10名成年男性在48小时内不做任何口腔卫生检查，并在此期间吃同样的正餐、零食和饮料。48h后用改良的Volpe法计算斑块评分。使用和不使用阿托品的牙菌斑总评分在颊面高于舌面，在上牙高于下牙。当唾液流速降低时，斑块总评分明显高于流速正常时。这些结果表明，唾液流量减少可能会促进牙菌斑在牙齿上的积累。

1). The effect of hyposalivation on the chewing time of foods and the water content of the food bolus at the time of swalloing were examined in 6 young adults. The foods selected were steamed rice, cookis, and sausage, and hyposalivation was induced by taking 0,5mg of atropine sulfate. The volume of saliva was determined by subtractiong the initial weight of the food from that of the food bolus after the subjects had chewd it normally and then spat it into a weighed container, without swallowing. The salivary flow rate 60 min after taking atropine sulfate decreased about 50% of that of the normal flow rate. The chewing times per mouthful of food were significantly longer (by 43-60%) when the salivary flow rate was decreased than when flow rate was normal.but there were no significant difference in the water contents of each food bolus after chewing. It is concluded that salivary flow rate is an important component of masticatory efficiency.2). To examine the effect of hyposalivation on plaque accumlation, ten adult males were requested to refrain from all oral hygine procedures for 48 hours and to eat the same meals, snacks and drinks during that time. Plaque score after 48 hours was calculated with the modified Volpe's method. The total plaque score with and without atropine was higher on the buccal than the lingual surfaces and on the upper teeth than on the lower teeth. When salivary flow rate was decreased, the total plaque score was significantly higher than when flow rate was normal. These results suggest that a reduced salivary flow rate may promote plaque accumulation on the teeth.