Production of Useful Compounds by Selective Control of Biocatalyst

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1. Biotransformation of 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acidThree new biotransformation products and three known compounds were isolated from the hairy root cultures of Panax ginseng following administration of 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid. Ginseng hairy roots showed the biotransformation abilities of glycosylation and malonylation to 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid. Two bioconversion products possess the same sweetness as glycyrrhizin.2. Biotransformation of resibufogeninOn administration of resibufogenin which is a cardio-active component of Chinese crude drug, Japanese name "Sen-so" to the hairy root cultures of Panax ginseng, four new biotransformation products were isolated. In the bioconversion of resibufogenin, glycosylation by glucose and sophorose at C-3 position and hydroxylation at C-1beta and C-5beta positions were observed. Further, marinobufagin which is 5beta-hydroxylated compound of resibufogenin was isolated from the cell suspension cultures of Eucalyptus perriniana following administration of resibufogenin.3. Anthocyanin production in cultured cells of Aralia cordata Thunb.We had selected anthocyanin high-producing strains of the cultured cells of Aralia cordata. The anthocyanin yield was 13.0% maximum dry weight on being cultured for three weeks in darkness.4. Saponin production in hairy root cultures of Astragalus membranaceusFour new and eight known astragalosides were isolated from the hairy root cultures of Astragalus membranaceus. The glycosidic fraction of A.m C-2 strain and traditional crude drug "Astragali Radix" showed the same pattern in TLC and HPLC.