A Comparative Study on the Physiological Responses to Prolonged Exercise Between Swimming at Three Different Temperatures and Treadmill Walking

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This study was to examine the physiological responses to prolonged swimming at three different water temperatures and room walking in a temperate environment.The results are summarized as follows :1.Rectal temperature (Tre) in water of 33ﾟC increased gradually until 30 minutes after the start of swimming, and afterward, kept at an approximate steady state to the end of swimming. Tre in water of 23ﾟC and 28ﾟC decreased gradually until about 30 minutes after the start of swimming, and afterward, dropped slightly until the end of swimming. Tre during room walking increased gradually until 60 minutes after the start of walking, and afterward, kept at an approximate steady state to the end of walking. Tre during walking increased significantly compared with Tre in swimming at three different water temperature.2.Mean skin temperature (T^^-sk) in water 33ﾟC increased gradually until about 15 minutes after the start of swimming, and afterward, stayd at an approximate steady state to the end of swimming. T^^-sk in water of 23ﾟC and 28ﾟC dropped rapidly after the start of swimming, and afterward, stayd at an approximate steady state until the end of swimming, respectively. T^^-sk during room walking increased gradually until 30 minutes after the start of walking, and afterward, kept at an approximate steady state to the end of walking.3.Oxygen uptake in water of 23ﾟC and room walking were higher than in water of 28ﾟC and 33ﾟC.Heart rate (HR) in room walking was higher than in water of three different temperatures. HR in water of 23ﾟC and 33ﾟC increased in comparison with that in the 28ﾟC water.4.Blood lactate concentrations was higher in the 23ﾟC water than in water of 28ﾟC and 33ﾟC,and room walking. Noradrenaline concentrations was higher in the 23ﾟC water and room walking than in water of 28ﾟC and 33ﾟC.These results suggest that a relative warm water, above 28ﾟC and under 33ﾟC,may be desirable when prolonged swimming or other water exercise is performed at low intensity.