Research on Pre-service Training Curricula for Science Teachers

日本有教师证书法。该法律自1949年起生效，并进行了多次小的修订。然而，1988年对该法作了重大修订，并于1990学年生效。1991年，大学理事会提交了一份报告。报告书取消了大学课程中通识教育与专业教育的界限。因此，在本研究中，主要进行了以下几个方面的研究。（一）.日本国立教育学院初中科学教师职前培训课程的所有指南或手册。通过对大学理事会报告前后的比较，澄清了这些课程的地位。（二）、通过对全国48所教育学院的问卷调查，分析了理科教学法的学分数、教学形式和教学内容。（三）、回顾了美国中学科学教师职前培训的发展趋势。明确了NSTA科学教师培训标准的特点。（四）、本文概括了全国教师考试的特点。NTE是由新泽西州普林斯顿的教育考试服务中心（ETS）举办的一系列客观考试，并为师范教育专业的大学生、进入或完成师范教育专业的大学生以及在特定领域接受额外培训的高级学生提供客观的学业成绩衡量标准。

A Teacher's Certificate Law exists in Japan. The law was effective since 1949 and minor revision has been made a number of time. However, a major revision of the law was made in 1988 and was effective for school year 1990. And, in 1991, The University Council submitted a report. The report took away the boundary between general education and professional education in the curriculum of university. So in this study, the following carried through.(1). All guids or manuals for the pre-service training curricula for lower secondary science teachers in national colleges of education in Japan. The status of those curricula was clarified in comparison of before and after the University Council's report.(2). A questionnaire was sent to 48 national colleges of education, and then number of credits for, instructional forms and contents of "Rika-kyouikuhou" , namely Methodology of Science Teaching were analyzed.(3). Trends of pre-service training of secondary science teachers in U.S.A.were reviewed. And characteristics of the NSTA's standards for science teacher training were cleared.(4). Characteristics of the National Teacher Examinations (to be reffered to as the NTE) were abstracted. NTE are a series of objective examinations given by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) of Princeton, N.J., and provide objective measures of academic achievement for college students in teacher-education programs, for college students entering or completing teacher-education programs, and for advanced students who have received additional training in specific fields.