Study on Summer Type Internal Dew Condensation in Wall of Thermal Insulated and Air-Tight House

最近，在日本的季节性湿热地区建造了隔热和气密房屋。但雨季过后，房屋框架或保温材料中的含水量会增加一定比例，因此在夏季降温时段，墙体有可能发生内部结露，使墙体变质。本研究的目的是为季节性湿热地区隔热密闭住宅的墙体结构设计提供指导，并提出防止室内结露的方法。采用调查问卷的方法，对福冈县15栋住宅进行了室内温湿度、空调能耗、内结露情况及危害的测量，其中包括3栋传统独立式住宅、4栋传统公寓式住宅、4栋隔热独立式住宅和4栋隔热公寓式住宅。我们还根据建筑结构和建筑元素测量了福冈和山口县6栋独立住宅的气密性。本文对计算模型进行了改进，并结合数值模拟对季节性湿热地区墙体热设计进行了探讨。得到的主要结果如下：(1)调查问卷显示，保温公寓房屋的破坏程度较高。(2)居住在隔热房屋中的人对遮阳和交叉通风的兴趣较低，对空调的依赖较大。(3)气密性在外保温施工中效果最好，其次是面板施工，第三是框架施工，最后是常规的。特别是，气密性表明在框架或常规方法中按施工水平广泛分散。(4) 24小时空调时，札幌每层面积的等效泄漏面积，保温材料（玻璃棉10 K）的最适宜厚度为24cm，最适宜气密性为2.1cm^2/m^2。而福冈则是14cm和4cm²/m²。在间歇性空调的情况下，福冈需要3.5 cm和7.8cm^2/m^2。(5)需要在外饰面材料背面保留通风口层，通风口层内部保留透气片，内饰面材料背面不需要有透气片。少

Recently, thermal insulated and air-tight houses are built in seasonal hot and humid areas of Japan. But a percentage of water content in the house frame or the thermal insulating material increases after the rainy season, so there is probability that an internal dew condensation is induced in the wall in a cooling time during summer season and deteriorates the wall.A purpose of this study is that a guidance for a design of the wall constitution and a prevention method for the internal dew condensation are suggested about the insulated and air-tight house in seasonal hot and humid area.Based on a questionnaire for the first year, we measured indoor air temperature-humidity, electrical energy consumption for air-conditioning, the existance of internal dew condensation and its damage of 15 houses, which consisted of 3 conventional detached houses, 4 conventional apartment houses, 4 insulated detached houses and 4 insulated apartment houses in Fukuoka Prefecture. We also measured air-tigh … More tness of 6 detached houses in both Fukuoka and Yamaguchi Prefecture according to building construction and building element. We made some improvements on a calculation model and examined a suitable guideline for the thermal design of walls in seasonal hot-humid area by using these results and numerical simulations. The main results obtained are as follows.(1) According to the questionnaire, there are more damages in insulated apartment houses.(2) People living in the insulated houses have less interest in solar shading and cross-ventilation, and have much dependence on air-conditioning.(3) Air-tightness is the most effective in the outside insulated construction, the second is in the panel construction, the third is the frame construction, the last is the conventional one. Especially, air-tightness indicates a wide scatter in the frame or conventional method by level of construction.(4) In case of 24 hours air-conditioning, the most suitable thickness of the thermal insulating material (glass wool 10 K) is 24 cm and the most suitable air-tightness is 2.1cm^2/m^2 as an equivalent leakage area per floor area in Sapporo. However, it takes 14 cm and 4 cm^2/m^2 in Fukuoka. In case of intermittent air-conditioning, it takes 3.5 cm and 7.8cm^2/m^2 in Fukuoka.(5) It needs to keep a vent layr on a back of the exterior finish material and a vapor transmission sheet inside of the vent layr, and does not need to have the vapor transmission sheet on a back of the interior finish material. Less