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An Analysis of Acid Fog Effect by Satellite Image Data and Local Scale Meteorological Model Simulation

卫星影像数据与局域尺度气象模型模拟分析酸雾效应

基本信息

批准号：
06452440
负责人：
IKEDA Yukoh
金额：
$ 2.94万
依托单位：
OSAKA PREFECTURE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06452440/
关键词：
Acid Fog Satellite Image Local Meteorology Numerical Simulation

项目摘要

An objective of the study is to define the relationship between chemical characteristics of fog water and meteorological condition, and the relation of acid fog and forest decline of mountainous area Mt.Akagi and Nikko by using a satellite image and a microscale meteorological model.As a result, the following aspects became clear.1. The areas of declined forest were inquired by the LANDSAT satellite image data for three years of 1987,1990, and 1992. As the resolution of satellite image was not sufficient, it was impossible to find the distribution of declined tree from the image, but it was concluded that the blighted tree had distributed very partially and discretely by looking photograph from aircraft, field survey results.2. The main pollutants acidifying fog water sampled at Akagi mountainous area is nitrate rather than sulfate. The composition of chemical species in fog water differs according to weather conditions. It was able to explain the characteristics by considering the rel … More ation between sampling point and emission source of pollutants, and the upper wind condition transporting air mass.3. Transportation process of air pollutants arriving at the objective area, were analyzed from three standpoints. One was a simulation of transport and diffusion from long distant upwind source covering eastem Asia. Second was a mesoscale analysis of pollutants transfer covering metropolitan Tokyo, industrialized seaside area, and mountainous area surrounding the Kanto plain. Third was a simulation of fog formation by local wind near Mt.Akagi and Nikko. According to macroscale analysis, the mean contribution to Japan islands from abroad for annual dry and wet depositions is about 20% and 20% on nitrate, and about 15% and 40% on sulfate, respectively. A contribution of volcanic emission is an important factor to deposition of sulfate. A transportation process of air pollutants arriving at the top of Mt.Akagi was estimated by local wind field gained from mesoscale model simulation. From the behavior of time series ozone concentration and the model simulation results, it was showed that much pollutants have come from metropolitan Tokyo and the industrialized seaside area. Less

本研究的目的是利用卫星云图和微尺度气象模式，明确雾水化学特征与气象条件的关系，以及赤城山和尼科山区的酸雾与森林衰退的关系，结果表明：1.利用1987、1990、1992年三年的LANDSAT卫星图像资料，对森林衰退面积进行了调查。由于卫星图像分辨率不够，无法从图像上找到枯树的分布，但通过飞机拍摄照片和实地调查结果，得出枯树的分布非常局部和离散的结论。2.赤城山区酸化雾水的主要污染物是硝酸盐而不是硫酸盐。雾水中化学物质的组成因天气条件而异。它能够解释的特点，考虑到相关性 ...更多信息采样点与污染物排放源之间的匹配关系，以及输送气团的高空风况.从三个方面分析了大气污染物到达目标区的输送过程。一个是东亚远距离逆风源的输运和扩散模拟。第二是污染物传输的中尺度分析，包括东京大都市，工业化的海滨地区，关东平原周围的山区。第三个是模拟赤城山和尼科附近的当地风形成的雾。根据宏观尺度分析，从国外输入对日本列岛的年干、湿沉降的平均贡献率，硝酸盐约为20%和20%，硫酸盐约为15%和40%。火山喷发是硫酸盐沉积的重要因素。利用中尺度模式模拟得到的局地风场估计了到达赤城山顶的大气污染物输送过程。从时间序列臭氧浓度的变化和模式模拟结果来看，东京大都市区和工业化的海滨地区是污染物的主要来源。少