Establishment of Synthetic Emission Control Strategy for Atmospheric Pollutants in East Asia

在这项研究中，开发了一个远程传输和沉积模型（OPU-Model）。利用该模型估算了酸性污染物的源-受体关系。中国排放的污染物在九州和日本海沿岸地区的贡献大于关东地区。预测了2030年中国二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量和2010年二氧化碳排放量。估算了日本土壤酸沉降的临界负荷，证明了污染物干、湿沉降对材料的腐蚀可作为环境影响评价的指标，并针对我国目前尚未采取措施的硫排放状况，提出了有效的控制对策。这些措施是：最大限度地减少总的控制成本，在土壤允许的硫酸盐沉积负荷和大气中二氧化硫浓度的环境标准，并使用燃料交换或工程技术作为控制方法。据估计，排放量必须减少到2010年库存的40%。控制策略主要是从原煤转向精选煤。人们认识到，硫排放的减少导致二氧化碳的减少。如果实施控制以满足中国二氧化硫和硫酸盐沉积的环境允许水平，中国排放源对韩国和日本的酸性沉积贡献率将减少一半。

In this study, a long range transport and deposition model (OPU-Model) was developed. The source-receptor relationship of acidic pollutants was estimated by the model. The contribution of pollutants emitted at China was larger in Kyushu and Japan Sea-side regions than in Kanto area. Emission inventories of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in China for 2030 and carbon dioxides for 2010 were predicted. The critical load of Japanese soil for acid deposition was estimated and it was proved that the corrosion of materials due to dry and wet depositions of pollutants was useful as a indicator of environmental impact assessment.An available control strategy was estimated by the following conditions for Chinese sulfur emission which have not been taken measures nowadays. Those were to minimize the total control cost, to be under the allowable load of soil for deposition of sulfate and under the environmental standard for sulfur dioxides concentration in the atmosphere and to use either fuel exchange or engineering technology as a control method. By the estimation, the emission must be decreased to 40% of 2010's inventory. The control strategy is mainly a shift from crude coal to selected coal. It is recognized that the reduction of sulfur emission leads to the reduction of carbon dioxides. If the control is practiced to satisfy environmental allowable levels of sulfur dioxides and sulfate deposition in China, the contribution rate of acidic deposition on Korea and Japan by Chinese emission source will reduce by half.