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PLANT GROWTH REGULATION BY PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION

通过光化学反应调节植物生长

基本信息

批准号：
06453159
负责人：
ISHIZUKA Kozo
金额：
$ 0.7万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The two major pigments involved in photosynthesis are chlorophylls and carotenoids. It has been suggested that inhibitors of the pigments biosynthesis cause growth retardation of plants by inducing accumulation of phototoxic intermediate of chlorophyll or deterioration of anti-oxidative activity to active oxygen species. Light is required for the inhibitor-induced plant growth retardation. This study aimed to investigate a mechanism of light involvement for the regulation of the pigment biosynthesis and the action of the pigment synthesis inhibitors. The results of the study are summarized as follows.1.Chlorophyll synthesis inhibitors such as diphenyl ether-type herbicides caused rapid and abnormal accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in treated cells. Protoporphyrin IX is known to an efficient photosensitizer generating singlet oxygen under light. This acitive oxygen induced peroxidation of membrane lipids leading to cell death.2.delta-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), precursors of chlorophyll synthesis, showed phytotoxicity and caused huge accumulation of protoporphyrin IX.Therefore, it is considered that chemicals accumulating this intermediate may utilize as plant growth regulators.3.ALA synthesis was stimulated under light irradiation. In plant cells light induces not only singlet oxygen generation but stimulation of chlorophyll synthesis. However, some plant species induce ALA and protoporphyrin IX accumulation in the dark. This suggest that plant has species-dependent regulation mechanism of chlorophyll synthesis.4.No phytotoxic compound was found from intermediate of carotenoids synthesis and related chemicals.

参与光合作用的两种主要色素是叶绿素和类胡萝卜素。色素生物合成的抑制剂通过诱导叶绿素光毒性中间体的积累或对活性氧的抗氧化活性的劣化而引起植物生长迟缓。光是植物生长迟缓所必需的。本研究旨在探讨光参与色素合成的调控机制及色素合成抑制剂的作用。主要研究结果如下：1.叶绿素合成抑制剂如二苯醚类除草剂引起原卟啉IX在处理细胞中快速异常积累。已知原卟啉IX是在光下产生单线态氧的有效光敏剂。2.叶绿素合成的前体物质δ-氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）对植物具有毒性作用，并导致原卟啉IX的大量积累，因此认为积累该中间产物的化学物质可作为植物生长调节剂。在植物细胞中，光不仅诱导单线态氧的产生，而且刺激叶绿素的合成。然而，一些植物物种在黑暗中诱导ALA和原卟啉IX积累。这表明植物对叶绿素的合成具有种属依赖的调控机制。4.在类胡萝卜素合成中间体及相关化学物质中未发现有植物毒性的化合物。