Basic studies on the development of a low-cost artificial diet for the silkworms and the establishment of a year-round sericulture system

本研究的目的是建立全年养蚕系统，在日本实行全年养蚕，全年生产高质量蚕茧，从而激活日本蚕业。研制了一种新的人工饲料，用工业废渣豆腐渣代替高达50%的脱脂豆粉喂养成年蚕幼虫。提出了一种设备成本较低的桑叶粉制备新方法——桑叶晒干法。确定了制备低成本人工饲料所需的干桑叶粉、其他主要原料和维生素、矿物质等次要添加剂的用量。建立了两种无菌养蚕标准台，一种是杂交亲本蚕，另一种是杂交小种蚕，在幼虫期用人工饲料饲喂2 ~ 3次。建立了全年养蚕系统，对家蚕的生长、化蛹率、成虫羽化率、产卵量等指标进行了标准的预测。对两种全年养蚕系统所需的设施进行了调查。一是利用目前正在使用的设施。另一种是建造全新的设施。对无菌室和无菌设施进行了评价。研究了制备人工饲料的机器，并设计了一种新的设备，以大大减少所需的劳动力。采用全年养蚕制度，每月养蚕2次，每年养蚕24次，采用三次饲养法，结果如下：幼虫生长所需天数：24-25天。每箱卵收获茧的数量，32-35公斤。可靠性百分比，60-85%。蚕茧生丝率14.5-16.5%。茧丝长度，1000-1150m。蚕丝的大小，约2.2-2.6旦尼尔。没有变黄的趋势。有光泽的特点。首次计算了三次投食法全年养蚕系统整个幼虫期的人工项目和每项人工所需时间、所需费用和生产成本。利用目前提出的系统，对一家工厂每年生产100吨茧的盈利能力进行了评估。少

The aim of the present study is to establish a year-round sericulture system to carry out a year-round sericulture in Japan, to produce high quality cocoons throughout the year, thereby to activate the sericultural industry in Japan.A new artificial diet was developed which included bean-curd lees, an industrial waste, in place of defatted soy bean powder as much as 50% for the grown silkworm larvae. A new preparation method of mulberry leaf powder with low facility cost, i.e., by drying mulberry leaves in the sun was developed. The required amount of dried mulberry leaf powder, other major raw materials and minor additives such as vitamins and minerals for the preparation of a low-cost artificial diet were established. Two types of a standard table for aseptically rearing silkworms, one for parent silkworm for hybridization, and another for hybrid races, on an artificial diet by twice or three times feedings throughout the larval stages was established. A standard expected results fro … More m a year-round sericulture system were established such as silkworm growth, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, amount of oviposition.Facilities needed for a year-round sericulture system were investigated for two cases. One is to exploit the facilities now in use. The other is to make completely new facilities. A germ-free room and germ-free facilities were evaluated. Machineries for the preparation of an artificial diet was investigated and a new facilities were devised to make a considerable reduction of required labor.A year-round sericulture system to rear silkworms twice a month, and total 24 times per year by the three times feeding method yielded the following results. Required days for larval growth, 24-25 days. Amount of harvested cocoons per one egg case, 32-35kg. Reelability percentage, 60-85%. Raw silk percentage of cocoon, 14.5-16.5%. Length of cocoon filament, 1000-1150m. Size of cocoon filament, approximately 2.2-2.6 deniers. No tendency to become yellowish. Lustrous characteristics. Items of labor and required time for each item of labor, required expenses and production cost were, for the first time, calculated for the year-round sericulture system of three times feedings method throughout the larval instars. Profitability of a plant to produce 100 tons of cocoons per year by using the presently proposed system was evaluated. Less