High-throughput material characterization using laser deposition additive manufacturing combined with high-flux in situ X-Ray analysis enhanced by further instrumentation

对材料科学与工程以及生产技术领域的研究人员来说，材料的批量筛选仍然是一个挑战。传统上，对于金属合金设计，小锭被铸造、热处理并通过常规技术表征，例如光学显微镜和机械测试。在并行模拟中，例如基于热力学考虑，辅助合金设计。在塑料技术中，设计新材料的过程链是复合、造粒和注塑成型，然后是随后的常规分析。按照这些既定程序，所有实验步骤都非常耗时。此外，由于增材制造（AM）材料的微观结构和相关性能（至少对于金属而言）远未达到平衡状态，因此，采用这些方法很难确定增材制造（AM）加工材料的特性。因此，必须实现允许快速批量筛选合金的新型设备，同时考虑相关的材料条件（AM）。激光沉积与使用高通量XRD源的原位X射线分析相结合，将有助于解决该领域的普遍差距。原则上，该系统的灵感来自两个国家的最先进的方法，用于合金筛选在金属领域：沉积薄膜材料库，然后通过高通量表征，和原位分析的微观结构演变的同步辐射。值得注意的是，这两种方法都有固有的缺点。薄膜不能捕获快速固化（AM）材料的微观结构，并且薄膜的性质可以不同于它们的本体对应物的性质。原位同步辐射分析是一个非常强大的工具，然而，光束时间是严格limited.该系统允许克服这些问题，因此，使高通量表征复杂AM散装材料库在高可用性。使用不同的线和粉末的激光沉积将允许制造批量样品，其中化学组成可以分别在样品与样品之间和/或层与层之间变化。因此，可以考虑使用金属、陶瓷和聚合物作为基础（基本材料和/或预合金）的整体材料以及复合材料和材料复合物。原位X射线衍射和X射线照相将允许分析熔池动态和内部缺陷的演变以及实时深入表征晶相。此外，将在提案中进一步详细说明的额外仪器将有助于真实的筛选微观结构和相关性能。主要研究人员将涵盖实现和有效使用拟议系统的所有相关方面（从激光加工到最终性能评估，包括测量和控制，数据分析和许多领域的应用）。

Material screening in bulk is still a challenge for researchers in materials science and engineering and production technology. Traditionally, for metal alloy design small ingots are cast, heattreated and characterized by conventional techniques, such as optical microscopy and mechanical testing. In parallel simulations, e.g. based on thermodynamic considerations, assist alloy design. In plastics technology the process chain for design of novel materials is compounding, granulating and injection molding followed by subsequent conventional analysis. Following these established procedures, all experimental steps are highly time consuming. Furthermore, characteristics for materials processed by additive manufacturing (AM) can hardly be established following these approaches, since microstructures and related properties of AM materials, at least for metals, are far from equilibrium.Thus, novel facilities allowing for rapid alloy screening in bulk have to be realized, taking into account the relevant material conditions (AM). Laser deposition, combined with in situ X-Ray analysis using a high-flux XRD source will allow for tackling prevailing gaps in this field. In principle, the proposed system is inspired by two state-of-the-art approaches used for alloy screening in the field of metals: deposition of thin-film materials libraries followed by high-throughput characterization, and in situ analysis of microstructure evolution by means of synchrotron radiation. It is important to note that both approaches have inherent drawbacks. Thin films are not able to capture microstructures of rapidly solidified (AM) materials and properties of thin films can differ from those of their bulk counterparts. In situ synchrotron analysis is a very powerful tool; however, beam time is strictly limited.The proposed system allows overcoming these issues and, thus, enables high-throughput characterization of complex AM bulk materials libraries at high availability. Laser deposition using different wires and powders will allow for manufacturing bulk samples, where chemical composition can vary sample by sample and/or layer by layer, respectively. Thereby, monolithic materials as well as composite materials and materials composites can be considered using metals, ceramics and polymers as basis (elementary materials and/or pre-alloys). In situ X-Ray diffraction and X-Ray radiography will allow for analysis of melt pool dynamics and evolution of internal defects as well as in-depth characterization of crystalline phases in real-time. Furthermore, additional instrumentation, which will be further detailed in the proposal, will assist screening of microstructures and related properties in real time. The principal investigators will cover all relevant aspects (from laser-based processing to final property evaluation including measurement and control, data analysis and application in numerous fields) for realization and efficient use of the proposed system.